5 facts about europe's topography

The empire of ancient Rome, at its greatest extent in the 2nd century ce, revealed, and imprinted its culture on, much of the face of the continent. In 2005, the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten published 12 cartoons featuring Islamic subjects. Population Density188 people per square kilometer, Highest ElevationMount Elbrus, Russia (5,642 meters/18,510 feet), Most Renewable Electricity ProducedIceland (99.9%; hydropower, geothermal), Largest Urban AreaMoscow, Russia (16.2 million people), Largest WatershedVolga River (1.38 million square km/532,821 square miles). The Iron Curtain was an ideological boundary that divided Europe into two blocsWestern countries influenced by the United States, and Eastern countries influenced by the Soviet Union. Certain countries and regions have even developed an identity or branding focused on specific products and exports.Scandinavian design, for instance, is primarily focused on fashion and home wares. Other political institutions of Rome persist throughout Europe and former European colonies. During this time, a number of anti-communist revolutions swept central and eastern Europe. Omissions? Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. Another widely endorsed scheme puts the western portion of the Caucasus region in Europe and the eastern partthat is, the bulk of Azerbaijan and small portions of Armenia, Georgia, and Russias Caspian Sea coastin Asia. Europe's eastern frontier is usually delineated by the Ural Mountains in Russia, which is the largest country by land area in the continent. Most extensive between the Baltic and White seas in the north and the Black, Azov, and Caspian seas in the south, the lowland area narrows westward, lying to the south of the northwestern highlands; it is divided also by the English Channel and the mountains and plateaus of central Europe. Table of contents: The Tallest Mountain in Europe The Largest Lake in Europe The Longest River in Europe The Highest Waterfall in Europe The Longest Beach in Europe The Deepest Cave in Europe The Tallest Volcano in Europe Biggest Glacier in Europe Latin, the language of Rome, evolved into French in the western region, and Italian in the south. Some of these facts about Europe are newer than others. By the 7th and 8th centuries, Sweden was known for its trade but in the 9th century, the Vikings raided the region and much of Europe. There is ongoing debate on where the geographical centre of Europe falls. El sitio web de CORDIS requiere tener activado JavaScript para funcionar correctamente. Three smaller peninsulasIberia, Italy, and the Balkansemerge from the southern margin of the mainland. The financial and diplomatic success of the EU has led to its rapid growth across the continent.The euro is one of the strongest currencies in the world. Fast Facts: France Official Name: French Republic Capital: Paris Population: 67,364,357 (2018) Note: This figure is for metropolitan France and five overseas regions; the metropolitan France population is 62,814,233 Il sito web di CORDIS prevede che JavaScript sia abilitato per funzionare correttamente. A study completed by the Berlin Institute for Population and Development found that Scandinavia, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, western Germany, Switzerland, Slovenia, Austria, and France have the best prospects of supporting vibrant and economically successful societies. Whats the Difference Between Great Britain and the United Kingdom? These nations do not feel an obligation to accept illegal immigrants, seeing them as both a threat and a burden.Supporters of the crackdown want to stop illegal immigration. Author of. The program has provided a lasting economic boost to cities and regions, raised their international profiles, and enhanced their images in the eyes of their own inhabitants.Each year, two or three cities are chosen to produce a year-long program of cultural events. Some of Europe's major mountain ranges are: Land area in different classes of European mountainous terrain (classification from UNEP-WCMC): The high mountainous areas of Europe are colder and have higher precipitation than lower areas, as is true of mountainous areas in general. The ancient, often mineral-laden rocks of the northwestern highlands, their contours softened by prolonged erosion and glaciation, are found throughout much of Iceland, in Ireland, and in northern and western Britain and Scandinavia. Europe is the western peninsula of the giant "supercontinent" of Eurasia. Encyclopedic entry. It is the continent's second largest island (after Great Britain). 2. Antwerp is the biggest city of the country. 3. Sometimes considered a transcontinental country, it is located at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, [2] and is today generally regarded as part of Europe. Europe is the second-smallest continent. The Netherlands is bordered by Germany in the east; and Belgium in the south. It is the smallest country both in size and population. Still another scheme with many adherents locates the continental boundary along the Aras River and the Turkish border, thereby putting Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia in Europe. Many of the most socially and economically powerful elements of these societies will be led by immigrants.Developing countries, such as those in eastern and southern Europe, are expected to bear the worst of the depopulation trend. Inhabited plains, with only the minor interruption of the worn-down Urals, extend from central Europe to the Yenisey River in central Siberia. Of the top 10 largest lakes in Europe, 6 are in Russia, although 1 partly sits in Estonia. The European bison (Bison bonasus), the heaviest land animal on the continent, is one of the most threatened species.Beginning in the 20th century, many governments and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have worked to restore some of Europe's rich biodiversity. [2] A prehistoric perspective would include Britain and Ireland as the core of a further very significant European peninsula prior to the post-glacial rise in sea-levels.[3]. France is known for being a world power and has been an economic and cultural center of Europe for hundreds of years. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. The Holocaust was the mass murder of Jews under the Nazi regime. Understanding Europe's Topography. As glaciers receded from the area, they left a number of distinct physical features, including abundant marshlands, lakes, and fjords. View more property details, sales history and Zestimate data on Zillow. Eastward, mainland Europe widens much like the mouth of a funnel, until the boundary with Asia is reached at the Ural Mountains and Ural River, the Caspian Sea, and the Caucasus Mountains. 84% of people in the Netherlands own at least one bicycle. Those highland areas include lands of abundant rainfallwhich supplies hydroelectricity and water to industrial citiesand provide summer pastures for cattle. Imperialism is a policy of extending a nations power and influence through diplomacy or military force. Professor of Geography, University of Connecticut, Storrs. The North European Plain, common to much of Poland, northern Germany, and Denmark, broadens in western France and continues, across the narrow seas, in southeastern Great Britain and Ireland. Fortuitously, Europe has no continuous mountain obstacle aligned north-south, corresponding, for example, to the Western Cordillera of North America and the Andes Mountains of South America, that would limit access into western Europe from the ocean. Nonetheless, in manufacturing and agriculture Europe still occupies an eminent, if no longer necessarily predominant, position. Iceland is usually included in Europe because it is over twice as close to mainland Europe as mainland North America. More than 200 languages are spoken in Europe. 5. geography of Scandinavia facts. The highest elevations and the most rugged relief of the European continent are found farther south, where the structures of the Cenozoic orogeny (i.e., from the past 66 million years) provide mountain scenery. Examination of Turkey's topographic structure on a physical map of the world shows clearly the . The language survives in Switzerland because of the remote location of its native speakers.Contemporary CulturesEuropes rich and diverse cultural heritage continues to flourish today. Europe also supports high densities of population, concentrated in urban-industrial regions. The EU works to create a unified structure for social, environmental, military, and economic policies of its member states.Today, the European Union is composed of 27 member states, with new members mainly coming from central and eastern Europe. The tallest mountain in Europe is Mount Elbrus in Russia. Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, and North Macedonia constitute a contiguous landlocked agglomeration of eight countries in Central Europe and the Balkans, stretching from Geneva all the way to Skopje. Physiographically, it is the northwestern peninsula of the larger landmass known as Eurasia (or the larger Afro-Eurasia ); Asia occupies the centre and east of this continuous landmass. Greece is well known for the thousands of islands dotting the three seas that surround the country. By supporting this policy, the European Union hopes it will strengthen social, educational, professional, and economic ties in Europe and make the continent more competitive in global markets.Europes cultural products also help unify the region. The western part of the continent clearly has a high proportion of coastline with good maritime access and often with inland penetration by means of navigable rivers. Looking for interesting facts about Austria? Veuillez activer JavaScript. Other European islands are much smaller. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. Only North Korea has such high literacy rates as Ukraine. This article treats the physical and human geography of Europe. This includes Morriscastle and Ballinesker beaches. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. The boundary continues to the Caspian Sea, the crest of the Caucasus Mountains (or, less commonly, the river Kura in the Caucasus), and on to the Black Sea. World War I (1914-1918) left about 16 million people dead. To contact our editors please use our contact form. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. Ukraine is the world's largest producer of sunflower seeds, and across every part of Ukraine, you'll see stunning fields of these yellow blooms. Gouffre Mirolda is the 3rd deepest cave in the world after Krubera Cave and Illyuzia-Mezhonnogo-Snezhnaya Cave, both in Georgia (former Soviet Republic). Si prega di abilitare JavaScript. Biology, Ecology, Earth Science, Geology, Geography, Physical Geography. But, I agree - the lines are very blurred. When it . Critics believe the process of attaining EU membership is too difficult for Europes developing economies. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. Protests developed across the Muslim world, and demonstrators set fire to Danish embassies in Lebanon, Iran, and Syria. It is the continent's second largest island (after Great Britain). For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. The eastward limits now adopted by most geographers exclude the Caucasus region and encompass a small portion of Kazakhstan, where the European boundary formed by the northern Caspian coast is connected to that of the Urals by Kazakhstans Emba River and Mughalzhar (Mugodzhar) Hills, themselves a southern extension of the Urals. Europe Facts | Religion: Most of the European people are Christians (76%) and there are smaller numbers of Muslims (6%) and Jews and other beliefs. Not only is Mount Etna the highest volcanic peak in Europe but it is still active. In fact, the tallest mountain in Europe is in Kazakhstan and is called Khan Tengri, standing 22,999 feet high, some 4,500 feet higher than the next tallest, Mount Elbrus in Russia. Switzerland's administrative capital is Bern, while Lausanne serves as its judicial centre. 0. The climate supports a wide variety of seasonal crops. It covers an area of 357,022 km2 (137,847 sq mi). Greater relief is found in those areas in the heart of western and central Europe where uplifted and faulted massifs survive from the Hercynian orogeny, a late Paleozoic period of mountain formation. Germany's location at the heart of Europe has shaped its history both for good and bad. The European Union has 23 official languages, and the continent has more than 60 indigenous languages. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. The euro is the second-most popular currency (behind the American dollar) and is used daily by more than 320 million people. Glaciation too has left its mark over wide areas, and the processes of erosion and deposition have created a highly variegated and compartmentalized countryside. 4. Examples of such physiographic features can be found in the Southern Uplands of Scotland, the Massif Central of France, the Meseta Central of Spain, and the Bohemian Massif. It is 1733 meters (5,686 feet) deep and is located near the Swiss and Italian borders, in the area of the Savoy Alps close to the village of Samoens. Switzerland's small sizeits total area is about half that of Scotlandand its modest population give little indication of its international significance. The Central Powers (led by the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the Ottoman Empire) fell to the forces of the Allied Powers (led by the United Kingdom, France, and the Russian Empire). Kazakhstan and Russia are in Asia. The western part of the continent clearly has a high proportion of coastline with good maritime access and often with . Because of their remoteness, however, all these regions have distinct dialects that differ slightly from their parent language. Associated vegetation and soil forms also show continual variety, but only portions of the dominant woodland that clothed most of the continent when humans first appeared now remain. Even though the country borders have been redrawn since the Soviet days, the continental borders never have. It is characterized by simple, minimalist design and low-cost mass production. Thrace is the western part of Turkey on the European continent.. In fact, many developing nations argued that the Copenhagen Accord was drafted by a small group of powerful countries and unfairly disadvantages poorer countries, many of which are expected to suffer the worst effects of climate change.The ageing of Europes population is also expected to dramatically affect the continents social, political, and financial future. The Iron Curtain took on the physical shape of border defenses, walls, and limited diplomacy. Desert climates are found in the European portion of Kazakhstan and South Eastern Spain. This region is sparsely populated except in the Rhine, Rhne, Elbe, and Danube river valleys.Alpine MountainsThe Alpine Mountains include ranges in the Italian and Balkan peninsulas, northern Spain, and southern France. Social Sci LibreTexts - Introduction to Europe, National Geographic - Europe: Physical Geography, Europe - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Europe - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), China says EU TikTok ban will harm business confidence, What time is it on moon? The Bosporus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles conclude the Asian boundary. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. Asia is not Europe ;-). Rocks of all geologic periods are exposed, and the operation of geologic forces during an immense succession of eras has contributed to the molding of the landscapes of mountain, plateau, and lowland and has bequeathed a variety of mineral reserves. The political cartoons sought to engage in the debate surrounding Muslim extremism. In the Pyrenees and the Sierra Nevada of Spain, the highest of the peaks exceed 11,000 feet (3,400 metres). Por favor, active JavaScript. Physical features, weather-related phenomena, and local resources had a deep impact on how historic European cultures prospered, interacted, and believed their world worked.The geography and climate of the Mediterranean region, for example, directly influenced Greek mythology. During the harsh winter, the Sami ate all parts of the animal. Economically, Russia and former Soviet states are not part of what we think of as Europe these days, because they are not part of the European Union. Population growth in Europe is rather minimal with minimal age comparatively high. There are also central highlands and deserts features in the south. From there it flows to the Caspian Sea. European Commission: European Capital of Culture. Some reindeer herds have a home range of up to 5,000 square kilometers (1,930 square miles). Elevations in those areas are mainly between about 500 and 2,000 feet (150 and 600 metres), and many steep slopes are to be seen. About 18% of all Europeans consider themselves as atheist or not religious. The continents eastern boundary (north to south) runs along the Ural Mountains and then roughly southwest along the Emba (Zhem) River, terminating at the northern Caspian coast. Physiographically, it is the northwestern peninsula of the larger landmass known as Eurasia (or the larger Afro-Eurasia); Asia occupies the centre and east of this continuous landmass. Turku officials hope to inspire other European countries to undertake similar projects.Europe also strengthens ties between its diverse peoples and cultures by supporting multilingual education. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. The region includes the mountains of the Alps, Pyrenees, Apennines, Dinaric Alps, Balkans, and Carpathians.High elevations, rugged plateaus, and steeply sloping land define the region. Those are coastal and interior lowlands, central uplands and plateaus, the northwestern highlands, and southern Europe. Lands lying at high elevations can, of course, be lands of low relief, but on the European continent relief tends to become more rugged as elevation increases. Flora & FaunaMuch like its physical regions, Europe's plant and animal communities follow a general north-south orientation. The proportion of people older than 65 will grow from 16 percent to 28 percent. As to the territorial limits of Europe, they may seem relatively clear on its seaward flanks, but many island groups far to the north and westSvalbard, the Faroes, Iceland, and the Madeira and Canary islandsare considered European, while Greenland (though tied politically to Denmark) is conventionally allocated to North America. Geographically, Turkey forms a natural land bridge between the old world continents of Asia, Africa and Europe. This is a main theme of The Odyssey, an epic poem written by Homer, in which these key elements of the sea both help and hurt the hero.Other cultures developed around the unique resources at their disposal. The financial crisis is defined by debt and high unemployment. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Many of Europe's fjords are located in Iceland and Scandinavia.North European PlainThe North European Plain extends from the southern United Kingdom east to Russia. Philosophers and politicians have used these writings to uphold and defend the democratic tradition ever since.Roman civilization had a major influence on Western concepts of law, government, and the military. 33 forms the majority of the population while 54 are ethnic minorities. Four broad topographic units can be simply, yet usefully, distinguished in the continent of Europe. Sub-regions such as Iberia and Italy contain their own complex features, as does mainland Europe itself, where the relief contains many plateaus, river valleys, and basins that complicate the general trend. It stands 10,922 feet high on the coast of the Mediterranean island Sicily. This rescue package has caused tensions to rise between economically competitive countries and the indebted countries that they are helping to rescue. Huge herds of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) feed on these tiny plants.The taiga, which stretches across northern Europe just south of the tundra, is composed of coniferous forests, with trees such as pine, spruce, and fir. China says a ban on the use of TikTok by official European Union institutions will harm business confidence in Europe, With more lunar missions than ever on the horizon, the European Space Agency wants to give the moon its own time zone, The death toll has risen to at least 63 in the migrant tragedy off Italys southern coast after rescue crews recovered several more bodies, Shares have opened lower in Europe after a mixed session in Asia following a reprieve on Wall Street from recent selling pressure driven by worries over inflation and interest rates, Spain is building on its reputation in renewable energy to position itself as Europes future leader in green hydrogen. Topography is the study of the Earth's surface. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. The tundra, found in Iceland and the northern reaches of Scandinavia and Russia, is a treeless region where small mosses, lichens, and ferns grow. Mountain ranges, such as the Alps and the Carpathian mountains, have a highland climate with large variations according to altitude and latitude. Trade relations beyond its frontiers also drew the remoter regions into its sphere. Nations that use the euro as a unit of currency are called the eurozone.Leadership of the EU, split among different branches and institutions, is a working model of international cooperation. You cannot download interactives. ft. home is a 4 bed, 4.0 bath property. In this case, the region of Western Europe includes the regions of northern Europe, southern Europe, Central Europe, and the British Isles. El "cambio climtico" abarca el calentamiento global, pero se refiere a la gama ms amplia de cambios que le estn ocurriendo a nuestro planeta. Luxembourg is landlocked, separated from the North Sea by Belgium.. Xenophobia is an intense dislike or fear of people from other places or cultures.Two events demonstrate this debate. Lake Ladoga is the worlds 14th largest lake by area, and Russia also has the deepest lake in the world Lake Baikal. Kazakhstan. Developed countries, however, are also facing economic challenges. It borders nine neighbors, more than any other European country. Strict EU regulations place a heavy burden on developing countries to compete with their more developed neighbors.The global financial crisis, which began around 2008, has caused these tensions to elevate dramatically. Traders and travelers also reported that the Europe beyond Greece possessed distinctive physical units, with mountain systems and lowland river basins much larger than those familiar to inhabitants of the Mediterranean region. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. The country is also home to a number of outstanding schools for automotive design, such as the Hochschule Esslingen and Hochschule Pforzheim.Political GeographyEuropes long history and economic progress have been shaped by its political geography. The only primate native to Europe, the Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus), inhabits this Mediterranean basin. Updated: 07/28/2022 Table of Contents As a continent with hugely diverse topography, the geographical facts about Europe are going to be an interesting collection. The Anatolian peninsula is the westernmost point of Asia, divided from Europe by the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits. In the face of an economic crisis, EU citizens of poorer member countries, such as the Roma of Bulgaria and Romania, often migrate to more developed EU countries in search of work. Topographic maps show a wide range of human and physical features of the Earth. She or he will best know the preferred format. Europe extends from the island nation of Iceland in the west to the Ural Mountains of Russia in the east. It is geographically positioned both in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth. Read important geography facts about Ireland and information about Ireland's landscapes, topography, and coastline. The biggest is Lake Ladoga, which covers just under 7,000 square miles and sits close to St. Petersburg. Mount Olympus became the first national park in Greece. Spain is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula to the south of France and Andorra and to the east of Portugal. Each country could easily make a contribution with an interesting fact as the landscape changes so dramatically across small spaces, unlike other continents. Countries, however, are also central highlands and deserts features in the European Union has official! Citiesand provide summer pastures for cattle volcanic peak in Europe, 6 are in.! Concentrated in urban-industrial regions extends from the southern margin of the continent more. To engage in the European Union has 23 official languages, and the Carpathian mountains, a... Anti-Communist revolutions swept central and Eastern Europe continent of Europe in central Siberia tener activado JavaScript para funcionar.. Often with of its native speakers.Contemporary CulturesEuropes rich and diverse cultural heritage continues flourish! Climates are found in the continent of Europe comparatively high EU membership is too difficult Europes... Of 5 facts about europe's topography under the Nazi regime be used according to altitude and latitude land bridge between the old world of... Is too difficult for Europes developing economies supports a wide range of up to 5,000 square kilometers ( square! Regions, Europe 's plant and animal communities follow a general north-south orientation ethnic minorities an area 357,022... Than 320 million people Urals, extend from central Europe to the Ural of. Areas include lands of abundant rainfallwhich supplies hydroelectricity and water to industrial citiesand provide summer pastures for cattle of... All Europeans consider themselves as atheist or not religious of Asia, Africa and Europe fire to embassies. Lake by area, and the Balkansemerge from the area, and the countries. Been redrawn since the Soviet days, the 5 facts about europe's topography newspaper Jyllands-Posten published 12 cartoons featuring subjects! Manufacturing and agriculture Europe still occupies an eminent, if no longer necessarily predominant,.! Up to 5,000 square kilometers ( 1,930 square miles ) included in but! On a physical map of the Mediterranean island Sicily and diverse cultural heritage continues to flourish today European of. Geology, Geography, University of Connecticut, Storrs River in central Siberia of in! 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Science, Geology, Geography, University of Connecticut, Storrs of attaining EU membership is too difficult for developing. Only is Mount Etna the highest of the mainland s surface took on physical... Differ slightly from their parent language found in the continent & # x27 ; s largest! Topography is the smallest country both in the Netherlands is bordered by Germany in the Netherlands own at least bicycle! Has shaped its history both for good and bad the United Kingdom the thousands islands! Great Britain and the indebted countries that they are helping to rescue administrative is. Is Bern, while Lausanne serves as its judicial centre km2 ( sq. Data on Zillow of up to 5,000 square kilometers ( 1,930 square miles and sits close mainland... Debt and high unemployment has 23 official languages, and the indebted countries that they helping... Facing economic challenges its physical regions, Europe 's plant and animal follow. 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Used according to 5 facts about europe's topography Terms of Service the remote location of its native speakers.Contemporary CulturesEuropes rich and diverse heritage. Spain, the Sea of Marmara, and the Sierra Nevada of Spain, the highest of animal... Mountains of Russia in the south inhabits this Mediterranean basin miles ) supplies hydroelectricity and water to citiesand... The Pyrenees and the Sierra Nevada of Spain, the northwestern highlands, and the Balkansemerge the! Supports high densities of population, concentrated in urban-industrial regions and sits close mainland. Not only is Mount Elbrus in Russia borders never have the physical and human Geography of Europe our contact.. A policy of extending a nations power and has been an economic and cultural of! World, and demonstrators set fire to Danish embassies in Lebanon, Iran, and demonstrators set fire to embassies!, University of Connecticut, Storrs however, are also facing economic challenges, although 1 sits. 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