In a federal system, power is divided between the national government and the regional governments, which means that each region has a degree of control over its own affairs. It was believed that federal system of government would take care of the interest of the minority and human rights that had been the fear of the minority under colonial rule. 3 Advantages Of Federalism In The Philippines. It is a form of government that has been adopted by many countries around the world, and it has a number of advantages that make it an attractive option for countries seeking to balance the need for national unity with the desire for regional autonomy and diversity. When a project is embarked on ownership and we-feeling will make it get full support and less antagonization. Read Also:Importance of the Nigeria Foreign Policy. Each state has the power to trail policies that the citizens consider more important. A recent example in the United States of this advantage is the requirement to drug test working adults who receive welfare benefits. national: matters that affect the country as a whole (national security, promoting national economic prosperity) state: matters that lie within their region (education, healthcare, public safety, and other public services) The Benefits of Federalism Among the merits of federalism are that it promotes policy innovation and political participation and accommodates diversity of opinion. Some choose to use a central system of government that regulates the entire country. 5. The centralization of Nigeria's fiscal federalism began with the report of the Dina Commission (1968) which argued that an appropriate revenue allocation system should result in a more equitable distribution of revenue among the states to achieve a balanced development of the federation. student. Advantages: The federal system disperses political power so that no single individual or group has excessive power. Nigeria app ing this period of military rule were l ##### tral government. Also, federal systems leads to unnecessary competition between different regions. This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. This process is usually a healthy way to help keep households safe no matter where they are in the country. The leaders also were from different major tribes and also wanted a level of power. The 1951 constitution gave more strength to regionalism with the creation of two chamber legislation in the northern and western Nigeria. (2019, November 23). Federalism was further adopted because the developed countries from which Nigeria borrowed democracy practice federalism. Do you need underlay for laminate flooring on concrete? Since 1954 successively Nigerian constitution had adopted the federal system of government without much emphasis on the unity or disunity it has accorded to Nigeria. Required fields are marked *. Even the masses in the rural areas of the country are allowed to participate in politics by electing their representatives into office. \(\overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=} \). Federalism provides a structure that diffuses governmental power. Nigeria's federalism as well as the federal character principle application to the extent that there is today a growing concern that the situation produces some ripple The results that come from these efforts can then be useful when deciding if such an idea should be rolled out to the rest of the country. The federal system increases the opportunities for average citizens to participate in government. The needs of the people in Seattle may be very different than those who live in the population centers around Miami. "Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages." Too many elected representatives with overlapping roles may also lead to corruption. 6. So, what are the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? History of federal system of government in nigeria. The origin of federalism in Nigeria can be traced to the colonial era. Your privacy is extremely important to us. The states have now become the administrative units of the federal government. They believe that the federal government should be able to: make policy in its areas of jurisdiction without consulting the provinces; have access to most of the revenue from taxation ; and make conditional grants to provinces even in matters outside its jurisdiction. Although three major tribes (Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo) have been selected as the main Nigerian languages, the need to avoid drowning the voices of the minority groups in the stream of the major groups is both glaring and necessary for peace to reign. Importance of federalism. Different states also have different laws making it hard to enforce law on visitors who had moved in the state. This process involves filing a lawsuit to block the implementation of what the community feels is a potentially harmful requirement. Division of work between the central and the regional governments leads to optimum utilization of resources. Because communities can set their own laws (within reason) under a federalist structure, it becomes possible for some population groups to place the wants of the majority over the needs of the entire community. Nigeria is the most populous black country and this has earned us an alias, "giant of Africa". This is so because where federal principles apply, the various ethnic groups that cannot or dont form majority to produce large part may have the opportunity of governing themselves within their federating unit controlled by them. In a federal system, power is shared by the national and state governments. 2019. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. >> Instead of mandating that everyone follows the same set of laws, this system allows each community to create a foundation that works the best for their needs. Federalism makes it possible for some population groups to place the wants of the majority over the needs of the entire community. Since Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation and Federalism is more practicable in such kind of nation, it is an ideal system of government. There can be a rebellion by a regional government against the national government too. It is a unitary system of governance where by power is concentrated in a single national government. The system causes government to have control of itself because of great rivalry of power between the state and the nation. READ ALSO: Reasons for political apathy in Nigeria, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria. w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr This process also requires a lawsuit, which clogs up the judicial system with even more matters to discuss. The right of exit is a recognised political right as important as the right to vote, albeit it is much older. Rights of the minorities are protected too. The priorities of the majority receive more attention with Federalism. Samuel is bent on changing the legal profession by building Web and Mobile Apps that will make legal research a lot easier. Roxy Horner biography: who is Jack Whitehalls girlfriend? The British in their quest for economic wealth and geo-political edges over other Europeans in Africa made Nigeria the largest British colony in Africa. Federal systems have at least two levels of government, the central level and a second level that includes territorial entities into which the country is divided, e.g. At the same time, the accommodation of very diverse groups whose differences are fundamental rather than transient by giving them territorial power bases of their own has enhanced the ability of federal systems to function as vehicles of political integration while preserving democratic government. A federal system, in which units exist only for political or pacifist reasons, forebodes a great burden for fiscal federalism. Here, the Attorney General of the Federation Instituted the case to test the true position so that the federal government would be guided on the varying issues of derivation formula. In the EU, the members of the upper houses in the government are not elected or appointed, but they serve as delegates of their respective governments. ensure the integrity of our platform while keeping your private information safe. They will then have special authority to control interstate businesses and trade with the foreign countries. Federalism is a type of political arrangement in which political power is shared between the federal or central government and the federating units which may be called regions, states, provinces, etc. The reasons are not far fetch; the federal government, ever since the intervention of the military in government, has. Post-independence creation of states and further division of states created after independence was done as a framework for the development of Nigeria. One of the most significant examples of this issue involves the legalization of recreational cannabis. Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. Examples of countries that practice federalism with a rigid constitution are; Nigeria, US etc. % Prior to independence, it is believed that the British adopted federalism because it favored their interest. Federalism increases the level of participation by individuals. What Countries Use Federalism? Cookies are small files that are stored on your browser. A federal government offers representation to different populations. On the subject of policy innovation, Supreme Court Justice Unfortunately, since the formation of Nigeria and adoption of this system of governance in the country has not seen much effect of federalism. 2 Which of the following could be considered of the advantages of federalism and decentralization? Justice Udo Udoma is of the view that regionalism was introduced by the colonialists in order to divide and rule, and weaken true national unity in Nigeria. Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages. When the central and state governments, both work hand-in-hand for the development of their economy, with a degree of freedom that is necessary . If this structure was not available, then you would get cookie-cutter regulations that may not apply to some geographical areas. However, that is not so in a federal government system. It established that the resources of a particular state is not totally owned by the federal government. All these strengthen political bonds and gave Rice to unity in diversity. It was under the 1954 constitution that federal system of government was fully adopted. The exact structures of each system can vary widely based on how the country sets up its governing process. The fact that a written constitution is difficult to amend is both an advantage and a disadvantage at the same time. Federalism is a type of government in which the sovereign authority of political power is usually divided between two units. Federalism encourages a system of cooperation.
! As far back as 1946, during the era of British colonization, Nigeria adopted federalism, a form of government with decentralized power, such that Nigerias three regions- the Northern, Eastern, and Western regions- had equal powers. It represents a synthetic between two perspectiveneess; one is that politics of the United States should produce the good commonwealth and the other is that the principal task of politics is to create an open political market. Rather there has been more challenges than benefits of this federal system. Each state shall grant extradition for fugitives who reside in a foreign state and had committed crime in their resident. Another important factor that necessitated federalism in Nigeria was the political culture of the country. IvyPanda. This is why federalism is such a great advantage. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ However, it is also fact that since independence Nigeria has promulgated several constitutions and that if Nigeria wanted an alternative system of government, she could have opted for it. The availability of resources in a particular region and the need for that area to control the resources has also been seen as a reason for a federal system in Nigeria. Federalism therefore involves the linkage of individuals, groups and policies in lasting but limited union in such a way as to provide for the energetic pursuit of common goals while maintaining the respective integrities of all parties. Because this structure of government looks at cooperation and sharing as its primary structure, there is an opportunity to try a different set of policies to see how they will work. It allows different localities to adapt their policies to the needs and wishes of local populations. Adobe d C The fear of marginalization by the minority in a unitary system of government has, to a great extent, influenced the majority state support for federating states. Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. The first military head of state was dethroned for adopting unitary system of government yet successive military administration in practice follow unitary principle instead of federal system. In 1963 Midwestern region was created and Nigeria became a nation of four regions. November 23, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/. 1. Abacha regime, added more states making Nigeria a federation of 36 states and Federal capital Territory at Abuja. 2.4 It Provides A Structure That Diffuses The Governmental Power. The Emergence of Nigeria as a political entity under colonial rule was not an easy affair. Possessing taxation power under the 16. This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. The various ethnic and religious groups that live together need to be reconciled for stability. If the policy proves to be beneficial, then it can be expanded to be used nationwide. /Height 235 There is no doubt that geographical factored are one of the influential reasons for federalism in Nigeria. States shall make agreement on how to deal with common problems that they face. ##### 483. Every power that is useful and can be implied in the federal government is always delegated by national government. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria. Each state has the same level of self-governance. The main task of the fiscal federalism is to raise and spend money. This allows the central or federal government to share governmental powers between the central or federal government and the components regions, state, etc. Federalism is a compromise meant to eliminate the disadvantages of both systems. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Organizing and providing relevant educational content, resources and information for students. The following were the major reasons for the introduction of federalism in Nigeria: Relocate to Canada Today! Provincial, state or local government representatives live in close proximity to the people and are most of the times from the same community, so that they are in a better position to understand these problems and offer unique solutions for them. Of course, with both pros and cons, fiscal federalism is a matter of study and debate for many economists. +roiF9_? AK ku nh4P9\ }}31Ik "V mk@G~ . Even the European Union is an example of federalism. There was just the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". "What do we want from federalism?" asked the late Martin Diamond in a famous essay written thirty years ago. The federal system better tackles regional and local problems and needs. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria explained. It is the result of the highly established units which can usually be absent. The contradictions generated by this rigional arrangement threatened Nigeria unity. 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In other not to control only some parts of the big country, Nigeria, the colonial masters thought it wise to divide the country into different component units that will be represented in the government. Read Also:Importance of Journalism in Nigeria. Thus, the gap between rich and poor states widens. There is usually constitutional conflict in a federal system as opposed to a unitary . 5. Moreover, The Babangida administration followed the same step and created 21 states and more local governments. They also have the power to conduct foreign affairs through inherent powers given to them by the constitution. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Fresh Fact Emerges, "Didn't know I was already pregnant": New mum Seyi Edun calls out lady who mocked her childlessness in 2022. What is the advantage of federal state structure? Again, in 1967 twelve states were created to appease the interest of those clamoring for states and weaken the geo-political holds of Biafra. The effectiveness of linking communications has been a vital factor in geographical unit. Hence, the problem with the Nigerian fiscal federalism can be explained in terms of its historical origin and the character of its federal fiscal arrangements or regimes as well as we as blatant . There are those who purchase goods in neighbouring state to escape sales tax in a particular state. Federalism allows local governments to fight the national governments. The Attorney General sought to know whether the 13% sharing formula of the oil producing states should include revenue from oil producing states should include revenue from oil production activities off shore. 2.1 It Is An Effective Process. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The states too have no resources for development but depended on federal grants. IvyPanda. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. This is intended to improve supply of power. The Constitution designates certain powers to be the domain of a central government, and others are specifically reserved to the state governments. In many countries of the world, federalism has emerged as a means of accommodating the growing desire of people to preserve or revive the intimacy of small societies and the growing necessity for larger combinations to mobilize the utilization of common resources. The federal system initially was set up to serve the 13 original colonies and was able to maintain their own powers given by the powers vested in each colonies individual constitutions. In some areas where major communal or other social antagonism cuts across territorial boundaries, ranging through all the federating units, communities or classes have been driven to seek to protect or strengthen their position by inter-territorial union. The smaller branches of the local governments are right in the middle of the local society. 7. To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz These include: 1. Federalism often protects the will of the majority at any cost. Another reason why federalism is adopted by any country is that of its population. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. America also wanted to possess implied powers which were considered necessary and appropriate for the nation to undertake delegated duties and powers. Many forms of federalism look to create checks and balances throughout society as a way to create an equal governing process. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Federalism provides a structure that diffuses governmental power . If the desire to remain separate does not exist, the the association will not be federal but unitary with some delegation of powers to local government. 6. So majority if not all of them were in favor of a federalist system of governance. Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages. Required fields are marked *. Thats not to say that all actions are a disadvantage. On the other hand; a constitution is unitary when there are created by the law made by the central legislature and their existence depends upon the government to control, supervision of the central government. In 1939 sir Bernard Bourdillion made a serious constitutional proposal which concluded having regional councils with a central council in Lagos. Big size, federalism has to be the domain of a central government, has were from different major and... Give you some insight into why federalism is adopted by any country is that of its.! Country with an area of 923,768 km2 of nation, it is an of... Is both an advantage and a disadvantage at the same step and created 21 states and federal capital at! Their interest ; the federal system, power is shared by the federal system government... Authority of political power is concentrated in a foreign state and the regional governments leads to competition. Cookie-Cutter regulations that may not apply to some geographical areas where by power is concentrated in a single government. That a written constitution is difficult to amend is both an advantage and a disadvantage not to. A way to help keep households safe no matter where they are in the United of! The system of government resources of a central government, and others are specifically reserved to the era. A project is embarked on ownership and we-feeling will make it get full support and antagonization... States shall make agreement on how the country of Biafra fight the national state. 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