There are some other agrochemical products besides those listed above: There are several benefits associated with agrochemicals: Your email address will not be published. 8, United Nations University, Maastricht, The Netherlands, 2005. Elemental sulphur is most recognised for its ability to protect plants from powdery mildew, but it can also help with rusts, leaf blights, and fruit diseases. In measuring the levels of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use (for simplicity, let us use the symbol to indicate farmers awareness level), a total of 15 awareness indicative questions (see Appendix) were posed to farmers. From the model, five out of ten independent variables were shown to be statistically significant. It is a confirmation of a research conducted by Gaber and Abdel-Latif [23] which opined that farmers who received school education had more knowledge about the negative effects of pesticides on health. It could also be as a result of resource constraint which hinders the provision of right quantities of agrochemicals and the accompanied protective gears. Contact the department at 217-785-2427 or 1-800-641-3934 (voice and TDD) for more information on licensing requirements. Farm size recorded minimum value of 1 acre and maximum of 23 acres with mean value 4.909 acres. They are also returned to the store after partial use at the farm. H. Kuranchie-Mensah, P. O. Yeboah, E. Nyarko, and A. Based on a statistics by statistica, In 2019, the agrochemical market worldwide was worth approximately $234.2billion. Mattah et al. Culturally appropriate farmer education and certification programs are needed as well as the development of safe-handling practices, regulatory infrastructure, and adequate agrochemical storage, transport, and waste disposal facilities. The disease, which causes damage to the intestines and bladder, is widespread in South America, Africa, and the Far East, and is on the rise as a result of the development of dams and irrigation systems that increase snail breeding sites. Formal Pesticide Misuse Complaints Received & Investigated. Farmers response to indicators of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use. Various types of samples, such as plants, water or soil, may be collected for analysis. In most of the cases, agrochemicals refer to pesticides.[3]. The multivariate linear regression results showed that awareness levels of health implications of agrochemical use increase maize output. Seventeen active ingredients: Paraquat dichloride, Glyphosate, Permethrin + pyriproxyfen, Dimethylamine salt, Cypermethrin, Chlorpyrifos . Penalties range from advisory or warning letters to monetary penalties of $750 to $10,000, depending on the type and severity of the violation. In this study, the maize output refers to the quantity and quality of maize output. With strict regulation, the general society will be protected from the harmful effects of pesticides. Years of education are significant at 1% which agrees with the a priori expectation suggesting a positive effect on the farmers level of awareness of health implications of agrochemicals use. Agro-chemicals database All acquired data on use of agrochemicals was entered into a computerised database established at Kawanda Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), Uganda (Mubiru et al. Both parties will receive written notification if the Department finds a violation and takes enforcement action. Utility is defined as the satisfaction that one derives from consuming a good. Farmers are highly motivated to using these strategies due to the emphasis placed by most agricultural development policies in Ghana which suggest the use of external inputs such as machinery and agrochemicals as the panacea to increasing food productivity. 4, pp. The agrochemicals industry contributes to agricultural progress by producing high-quality foods. Therefore, the theoretical concept for analyzing the determinants of safety usage of agrochemical is the theory of utility maximization. The types of agrochemicals used are grouped into pesticides (fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, rodenticide, etc.) Household size was significant at 5% and positively related to output. 0000000016 00000 n
It is important to know whether farmers who are aware of health implications of agrochemical use and adhere to the safety standards are able to obtain higher or lower maize output. This has led to increasing the use of synthetic agrochemicals instead of the biological, cultural, and mechanical method for boosting production, controlling pest, weed, and disease [3]. 59, no. E. D. Okoffo, M. Mensah, and B. Y. Fosu-Mensah, Pesticides exposure and the use of personal protective equipment by cocoa farmers in Ghana, Environmental Systems Research, vol. 3, 2012. The attainment of formal education is very necessary for the use of agrochemicals. 2, pp. The results proved to be positively significant at 1%. Pesticide application practices, pest knowledge, and cost-benefits of plantain production in the Bribri-Cabcar Indigenous Territories, Costa Rica, A SUSTAINABLE FOOD & AGRICULTURE AGENDA FOR ONTARIO, A GREEN FOOD & AGRICULTURE AGENDA FOR ONTARIO, Perspectives for nano-biotechnology enabled protection and nutrition of plants, Plantation agriculture in the tropics Environmental issues, Sustainability Analysis of Ecological and Conventional Agricultural Systems in Bangladesh, NIGERIA'S SMALL SCALE FARMERS' AGROCHEMICAL USE THE HEALTH AND SAFETY IMPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION, Integrated Pest Management for Sustainable Intensification of Agriculture in Asia and Africa, Regional carbon footprint analysis of dairy feeds for milk production in the USA, Farmers perception towardes organic and chemichal fertilizer, A Study on Pesticide Effects to the Rice Farmers and to the Environment in Kolambugan and Maigo, Lanao del Norte, Perceptions of Farmers' and Farmworkers' Wives on the Use and Hazards of Agrochemicals in Rural Vellore, Science for agriculture and rural development in the South, Assessing the factors of adoption of agrochemicals by plantain farmers in Ghana, Assessment of farming practices and uses of agrochemicals in Lake Manyara basin, Tanzania, Agrochemicals and Chronic Kidney Disease of Multi-Factorial Origin (CKDmfo): An Environmentally Induced, Occupational Exposure Disease, Use of Agrochemicals in West Bengal: Perspectives from the Field, Conventional Food Plot Management in an Organic Coffee Cooperative: Explaining the Paradox, Assessing Benefits and Costs of Commercial Banana Production in the Philippines, Impact of Chemical Fertilizer on Agriculture of Hijli Mouza of North 24 Parganas in West Bengal, Journal of Agricultural Studies, Vol. Other variables that were significant in output model include household size, years of education, the number of extension contacts, farm size, marital status, and quantity of pesticides applied. However, agricultural production is fraught with abuse, misuse, and overuse of these chemicals [12]. 0000055893 00000 n
S. Omari, Assessing Farmers' knowledge of effects of agrochemical use on human health and the environment: a case study of Akuapem South Municipality, Ghana, International Journal of Applied Sciences and Engineering Research, vol. The general public, health care providers and hospitals all can help ensure correct use of the drugs. One hundred and fifty-four (154) maize farmers were randomly sampled from the municipality. This document discusses emergencies which involve pesticide fires and spills. Also, a multivariate linear regression model was used to analyze the effects of health implications of agrochemical use on maize output. This corresponded to an almost 1 percent increase in agricultural labor productivity and an insignificant decrease in crop yields. The act, divided into four parts, comprises regulation of pesticides, licensing of pesticide dealers, enforcement of penalties on defaulters, and general provisions. The insignificant influence of income and FBO membership on farmers awareness of health implications of agrochemical use is supported by the work of [7]. Insecticides are chemicals that are used to kill, damage, repel, or control insects. Complaints filed after that will be kept on record, but no administrative action can be taken. Introduction. Awareness of health implications of agrochemical use significantly increases maize output. However, labor was found not significantly influencing maize output. The negative effects of farming experience on awareness of health hazards of agrochemical use are not out of place since this finding is consistent with empirical research results by Okoffo et al. Research Explorer. It produces a coating on the plants surface that acts as a poison to any insect that tries to eat it. This study assessed factors that affect awareness of health implications of agrochemical use and its effects on maize production in Ejura-Sekyedumase Municipality of Ashanti Region, Ghana. Others simply indicate the product should not be used when weather conditions favor drift. P. Cocco, G. Satta, S. Dubois et al., Lymphoma risk and occupational exposure to pesticides: results of the epilymph study, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol. The study followed a multistage sampling in the selection of the respondents. Marriage increases maize output by 231kg (2.31 bags). Meanwhile, unconventional inputs such as level of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use can affect the quantity and quality of maize produced. C. K. Bempah and A. K. Donkor, Pesticide residues in fruits at the market level in Accra Metropolis, Ghana, a preliminary study, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol. They increase yields and reduce the presence of foreign materials in some commodities. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Agrochemicals and their Effects: Although agrochemicals are initially used to improve crop's health, overuse of these chemicals has now started affecting the environment in many ways. We may be exposed in our homes through misuse or by accidents, and be contaminated by consumer products including food. 0000009429 00000 n
The theory of production is used to analyze and quantify the effects of conventional and nonconventional input use on maize output. Pesticide misuse is often easy to spot. In this study, the level of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use was ordered as shown in (3). Conversely, Achem et al. This could be as a result of the household members working on the farmer as a source of labor and timely access to labor. But the new pesticides seemed rather safe, especially compared to the forms of arsenic that had killed people in the 1920s and 1930s 12. According to Horna et al. Alters the chemical properties of water. It encompasses fertilizers, pesticides (weedicides, insecticides, rodenticides, and fungicides), and plant regulators. $83.00 1 New from $83.00. The University of Manchester's research has real-world impact beyond academia. agrochemical lixiviates, and all the nutrient leaching from agricultural land is causing the eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems. Agrochemicals are the result of modern technology that depends on inorganic fertilizers and pesticides. Therapeutant Fungicide: A chemotherapeutant is a fungicide capable of eliminating a fungus after it has caused infection and treating the plant. HXDJ0M`|p)%M-Y@Ln3gzsd1eH``c8R9r }j_
(This phenomenon is widely called Fish kills) Excess chemicals lead to eutrophication. The Adjusted R-squared of 0.72 indicates that the explanatory variables explain 72% of the variations in the output of maize. Together with other technological advances, including tractors, mechanical harvesters, and irrigation . The data reveals that 50% of the sampled farmers had no formal education, 9.09% had primary education, 28.57% had middle school or junior high education, and 12.34% had secondary or senior high education. Agrochemicals are a broad term that refers to a variety of chemicals designed to protect plants and crops. Sulphur fungicides produce enough vapour to hinder fungal spore formation at a distance from the deposition site. [22] that there is considerable evidence that farmers have overused agrochemicals especially pesticides. Farmers who are aware of health implications of agrochemical use will adhere to the recommended practices and application rate and this has a great implication for the crops yield and health of the farmers. It was revealed from the ordered logit regression that five out of ten explanatory variables, years of education, the number of children in school, ownership of TV/radio, experience in agrochemicals application, and farm size, were significant variables that influence farmers levels of awareness of health implications of agrochemicals use in the study area. %PDF-1.4
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Biomed Res Int. Weed controls are essential for maintaining good crop output. Meanwhile, most rural folks depend on lakes, streams, and rivers as sources of drinking water thereby linking chemical contamination exposures closely with toxicity. 90, no. Information on the Endangered Species Protection Program administered through the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency can be obtained atwww.epa.gov/espp. [5], the use of pesticides by farmers to control weeds, increase agricultural productivity, and preserve agricultural produce has reached a crescendo thereby calling for urgent attention. v 8IA2L%b b @HJ@g@ . Wimalawansa, MD, PhD, MBA, DSc. One of the most compelling motivations for farmers to utilize agrochemicals is to improve the quality and quantity of their agricultural output. The effects of pesticides on human health are compounded since some farmers allow children to do the spraying without personal protective gears. Tips for Farmers. Ejura-Sekyedumase District Assembly, District Information, http://ejurasekyedumase.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/. where is the expected utility for farmers who are more aware of safety use of agrochemicals and is the expected utility for farmers who are less aware of safety use of agrochemicals. EPA has created a series of new videos to encourage homeowners and communities to adopt healthy lawncare practices as a means of reducing pesticide risk to human health and the environment. Examples include Zineb and Sulphur. 7, article no. and fertilizers. The multiple linear regression model was used to analyze how output is affected by level of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use. Many farmers do not have adequate knowledge and information on the health hazards associated with handling and use of pesticides [6]. Pesticides have contributed to several recent deaths and an untold number of illnesses in Upper East Region of Ghana [16]. Site Management HtTMo0W(oV-^w(v\7;E`)iu Q!G>>E},P xB_)LAFQ!5U05zDG'k6fA86X=Sn%[C#c},DW(`^| ;G>dav{wUWu8(!mgAL+Q[`&O))}ZGexo,#-1HYjM{' It was concluded and recommended that the necessity of Agrochemical for pest, disease and weed control were unavoidable in the smallholder farming business in Ghana, despite the gradual rise of inorganic fertilizer and Integrated Pest Management control products. Extension visit was not statistically significant and this could be that agricultural extension agents do not advise farmers on safety use of agrochemicals. Pesticides can help to lessen the amount of manual labour required. 551561, 2011. Agricultural pesticides have made it possible to increase production in crop and livestock enterprises in Africa. The agrochemicals industry contributes to agricultural progress by producing high-quality foods. The excessive use and the misuse of pesticides and chemical fertilizers kill organisms that assist in binding the soil together. Runoff from these chemicals continues to contaminate food crops and even spread to affect water bodies. 117 0 obj<>stream
M. Parhi, Diffusion of New Technology in Indian Auto Component Industry: An Examination of the Determinants of Adoption, Discussion Paper Series No. to help appropriately redress misapplications and chemical residue on fresh food produce. 2010).High yield rice varieties grown in major rice production . Although other chemicals fatal to snails exist, their practical use is small. However, the abuse of such agrochemicals contaminates soils and groundwater, negatively impacting the environment and human health (Elahi et al., 2019;Mahmood et al., 2016). Unfortunately, public awareness is not so much about the benefits of agrochemical spraying as about the harm that misuse can cause. [5] Chemical fertilizers in the 1960s were responsible for the beginning of the "Green Revolution", where using the same surface of land using intensive irrigation and mineral fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium has greatly increased food production. 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Program administered through the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency can be taken soil, be! Glyphosate, Permethrin + pyriproxyfen, Dimethylamine salt, Cypermethrin, Chlorpyrifos quality of maize output refers the. Not so much about the benefits of agrochemical use was ordered as in. Of safety usage of agrochemical use causing the eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems health are compounded since some farmers children... The department at 217-785-2427 or 1-800-641-3934 ( voice and TDD ) for information... Multiple linear regression model was used to kill, damage, repel, or control insects contaminate...