c) biosphere c) melting of the entire thickness of the asthenosphere to produce magma The rate of groundwater flow is determined by a variety of factors, including porosity, permeability, aquifer gradient and outflow of the aquifer system. funnels, are the result of groundwater and seawater erosion as . a) divergent b) grey limestone c) mudcracks are formed in deep water environments where sand and mud can be deposited in thin layers Free drainage occurs because of the force of gravity pulling on the water. Good aquifers are those with high permeability such as poorly cemented sands, b) the # of electrons c) the Caribbean 39. Yes, water below your feet is moving all the time, but not like rivers flowing below ground. b) quaternary Groundwater is found in two zones. Enrol and complete the course for a free statement of participation or digital badge if available. c) creep For example, to determine the effective porosity of a granular earth material, a sample volume is collected, allowed to dry completely, and then water is introduced slowly to the base of the sample (so that air can escape from the top). For most rocks, porosity varies from less than 1% to 40%. B. . a) 1 mill c) beach along and ocean or lake b) a change in grain size Groundwater moves very slowly through relatively impermeable materials such as clay and shale. d) all of the above . c)there are much fewer intervals of reversed polarity than normal polarity c) were first discovered on the island of Compostia in Italy This information allows the laboratory sample to be recompacted to a similar consistency. a) internal processes within the moon "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0% and 100%. c) the crust is stronger d) all the rocks were deposited with the oldest on the bottom, Mid-ocean ridges are higher than surrounding oceanic crust primarily because: d) gravity b) traveltine a) a great thickness of oceanic sediment trapped within the central rift -the amount of rainfall C. It has the capacity to store large amounts of water. c) thrust d) a and b only d) are composed of lava flows, pyroclastic material, and mudflows Shasta d) the abundance of ice in the north and south polar regions, c) the position of the hydrogen atoms on one side of the molecule, Vertical intrusions are refereed to as? a) along the equator what is the likely porosity and permeability of pumice? a) scratched and polished bedrock d) the amount of stress is greater in some directions than in others, d) the amount of stress is greater in some directions than in others, what causes the stress that forms joints must drill deeper, Letter - Part 3 Type Styles and typeface desi, Chapt 2 Letters - part 2 Classification of Le. d) transform faulting uplifts the rocks a) to dissolve half of the atoms in the lattice b) scoria cone whose magmas are interacting with groundwater a) the glacier can slide over bedrock c) depends Outflows consist of rivers, lakes, streams, springs and production wells. c) weather sea level has risen or fallen relative to the coast e) none of these, which of the following is not one of the main families of rocks? e) shallow, clear waters off Iceland, which of the following can we understand by studying sedimentary rocks? d) in the subtropics b) an increase in snow cover causes the atmosphere to heat up whcih causes more evaporation d) fine grained granite a) the magma has a low content of gas d) all of the above, which of the following is true about how contamination moves in groundwater? Porosity is the amount (or volume) of void in a rock compared to the total amount of the rock. d) metamorphism . 3. saline intrusion 3. b) past changes in climate c) convergent c) Delaware, Maryland Here is a sample run of the program: Which of the following statements is(are)* true*? c) a line that connects all the high points on a topographic map d) in a subduction zone or accretionary prism, sudden movement of a fault can cause a tsunami when: Types of Aquifers 3. fractures are the main way groundwater moves through some rocks, such as granite Which of the following materials probably has the highest porosity sediment composed only of rounded cobbles that rest directly on one another Which of the following materials probably has the lowest porosity unfractured granite It is defined as the ratio of the volume of the voids or pore space divided by the total volume. d) large, angular, poorly sorted clasts reflect a large amount of transportation b) Gaines e) all of the above are ways fossils can be preserved, e) all of the above are ways fossils can be preserved, To what does the term evolution refer? Most simply, the aquifer's porosity and permeability (defined above) are variables that govern its hydraulic conductivity and storativity. For each numbered arrow in Figure 2, here is my geology question These figures show the eight planets of our Solar System. Personalise your OpenLearn profile, save your favourite content and get recognition for your learning, Download this course for use offline or for other devices. c) groundwater Study with us and youll be joining over 2 million students whove achieved their career and personal goals with The Open University. Porosity and Permeability. a) steepness of slope c) the process by which waves move material along the bottom in very deep water e) both b an c, what is the main cause of high and low tides? e. number of Ca2+\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}Ca2+ ions in 4.71gCa3(PO4)24.71 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{Ca}_3\left(\mathrm{PO}_4\right)_24.71gCa3(PO4)2. e) change their mineralogy, a) smaller and rounder as they are transported, When a plate boundary changes its orientation, it can change from: excess pumping b) the lava forms a ropy texture C. c) 1 meter a) color (2010). Groundwater Basin The underground area from which groundwater drains. C. This dissolution widens cracks into caves or caverns. c) the rock broke apart as it flowed b) contamination moves opposite to the direction of groundwater flow c) it ends up as sand in rivers, dunes, and beaches A. b) coarse granite Flow of water from the land surface into the groundwater reservoir. Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) wells are part of a system to take surplus fresh surface water, treat it as required for permit compliance, and then store it in the Floridan Aquifer System (FAS) for subsequent recovery during dry periods. d) it is converted into feldspar and weathers into clay, c) it ends up as sand in rivers, dunes, and beaches, which of the following is not a source of material for soil? Hydrogeologic Properties of Earth Materials and Principles of Groundwater Flow Copyright 2020 by The Authors. c) weathering of rocks releases chemical elements that make the oceans salty e) a and b only, which of the following is not a type of carbonate rock? d) all of the above a) a weak current If youre new to university-level study, read our guide on Where to take your learning next, or find out more about the types of qualifications we offer including entry level
This is common in limestones, which are dissolved by acidic rainwater and groundwater: immense caverns may be formed by this process. a) mid-ocean ridges c) hardness Making the decision to study can be a big step, which is why youll want a trusted University. e) all of the above, a) abrasion is concentrated on the upstream side of obstructions, the size of clast that a river can carry is primarily controlled by: e) open ocean away from land, if a rock is poorly sorted, this means the rock contains: d. number of formula units in 2.99gNaClO2.99 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{NaClO}2.99gNaClO b) brittle deformation d) all of the above b) near magma but at deep levels e) all of the above help define layers. d) all of the above a) rock avalanche b) fills d) contamination spreads out as it moves, forming a widening plume, d) contamination spreads out as it moves, forming a widening plume, most of the groundwater pumped in the US is used for: a) s strong current a) curly crystals of frost that form early in the morning Porosity ultimately affects the amount of water a particular rock type can hold and depends on a couple of different factors. Weve pioneered distance learning for over 50 years, bringing university to you wherever you are so you can fit study around your life. a) shale c) huge shield volcano Porosity is a description of how much space there could be to hold water under the ground, and permeability describes how those pores are shaped and interconnected. All rights reserved. 3. drains rivers and swamps and existing wells d) all of these c) carrying finer material, like dust and silt, in air currents This determines how easy it is for water to flow from one pore to the next. Estimate the porosity of the sediments in Figures 14a to d, selecting a value from the following ranges for each: less than 10%; 10-20%; 20-30%; 30-40%. 1. stop input and let nature remove it - easy but slow 35. b) the decay of creatures that float on the ocean surface and settle to the bottom which of the following best explains what a contour line is? not as high (water more gentle -lower relief), relationship between the height of the stream and the height of the water table, the stream is the surface expression of the water table, what causes cone of depression to be larger, can cause a well to go dry In a material that holds groundwater, porosity: A. controls the amount of water that can be stored Which of the following aquifers require a low permeability zone above it or below it? Permeability: a measure of the ability of a material (such as rocks) to transmit fluids Porosity and permeability are related properties of any rock or loose sediment. Measuring Effective Porosity Effective porosity can be determined at the laboratory scale when sediment and rock samples of a given volume are dried and then the pore spaces are filled with water (Figure 8). c.Given similar degrees of sorting, how does porosity vary with the roundness of the grains? what is the relationship between the shape of the water table and the topography of the land surface ? characteristics found in all good aquifers. a) centrifugal force that causes water to bulge along the poles b) debris flow Some part of the precipitation that lands on the ground surface infiltrates into the subsurface. b) lakes e) a and b only, which environments is least likely to deposit sand permanent - can stop it but not undo it, 1. pesticides and herbicides c) the ocean e) none of the above, A lava solidifies into non vesicular basalt instead of vesicular basalt because: b) linear island chain b) the dissolved and suspended load of a river d) migration of deserts and advances of the sea The volume of void space is 2 ml (2 cm3). The permittivity measures the obstruction produces by the material in the formation of the electric field, whereas the permeability is the ability of the material to allow magnetic lines to conduct through it. d) all of the above c) limestone d) 100 feet, wind moves sediment by: Porosity and Permeability Lab Porosity and Permeability Lab The terms porosity and permeability are related. Drag the art in the correct order, arranged from the youngest (most recent) at the top (number 1)to the, Which of the following is NOT one of the ways in which hydraulic fracturing, or "fracking", of oil and gas deposits is affecting water quality? 4. land subsidence d) ice caps and glaciers The effective porosity may equal, or be less than, the total porosity (n) of the sample (Table 1 and 2). d) cool air rising from the equator and flowing east and west b) playa Porosity is the percent of open spaces or voids within a volume of soil or rock. c) dark porous lava flows d) deep trenches, A divergent plate boundary is most likely associated with a(n): c) cement gravity and pressure ( so downward, sideways and upward), an area in which water travels downward to become part of an aquifer. b) recycled waste water The water content in the soil at saturation is equal to the percent porosity . b) a line that represents continuous points of equal elevation, Which of the following is the Principle of uniformitarianism? The amount of water that a rock can store depends on its porosity, which is the proportion of the volume of the rock that consists of pores: The principal factors that control porosity are grain size and shape, the degree of sorting (a well-sorted sediment has a narrow range of grain size), the extent to which cement occupies the pore spaces of grains and the amount of fracturing. Soil texture can also affect soil porosity There are three main soil textures: sand, silt, and clay. water goes to reduce pressure. b) mountain belt or island arc e) none of the above, The deepest parts of the seafloor are Interconnected void space allows groundwater to move into and out of porous material. b) most erosion along shorelines occurs from offshore currents Table 2 provides an example of the ranges of values of total porosity and effective porosity for a variety of materials. a) there was a lot of gas in the magma The movement of seawater into freshwater aquifers, which can lead to contamination of drinking water sources and other consequences. c) confined tilting - tower of Pisa a) rain drops from via the process of evaporation a) the # of neutrons Sediments decrease in porosity as the angularity of the grains increases because the grains can pack more closely together, the bumps of some grains fitting into indentations in others (Figure 14c). The distribution of natural resources is influenced by the: Which layer in the earth is similar in composition to basalt, a dark lava rock? d) the rock cooled slowly d) whether water runs off the land or sinks into the ground At the scale of laboratory investigations, careful attention to the conditions of the porous sample is required. c) a change in the supply of sediment a) smaller and rounder as they are transported b) a depth equal to three times the wavelength of waves c) warm air flowing around the equator due to the Earth's rotation In the zone of weather called the ____________, pressure always _________ with increasing altitude and temperature usually _________ with increasing altitude. e) two glaciers that cross. d) municipal water, what is permafrost? e) metamorphism, A rock is subjected to differential stress, then it means that: a) offshore sand bars that have become coastal dunes mimics in a subdued way the topography of the earth's surface. b) well sorted gravel a) water contracting as it freezes a) transport of the clast over long distance c) limestone d circulation directions are not systematic c) seamounts e) none of the above, b) large cross beds in a well stored sandstone usually indicate deposition by wind, which of the following is most likely to occur at shallow crustal levels? A rock with good porosity can hold a lot of groundwater. from confined aquifer b.Porosity is greater in well-sorted sediments, because the pore spaces are not filled by smaller grains. a) ductile behavior X+YZ. b) salt deposits that formed early in Earth's history become dissolved by modern oceans d) seawater is drawn into a mid ocean ridge, which of the following igneous rocks would be formed by the fastest cooling? Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. e) all of the above are reasons why rain forests are disappearing, e) all of the above are reasons why rain forests are disappearing, where do most deserts and arid lands occur: c) abundant magma formed within a typical mid ocean ridge In groundwater assessments, it is the interconnected pore volume occupied by flowing groundwater that is of most interest. b) the magnetic properties of hydrogen c) erosion occurs equally on two sides of a bend d) a rising plume of hot mantle material, Which of the following features is associated with a subduction zone? c) movement of iron and electrical currents within Earth's outer core c) shaking during an earthquake a) dissolution Pore spaces may be formed due to the movement of roots, worms, and insects; expanding gases trapped within these spaces by groundwater; and/or the dissolution of the soil parent material. d) meteorites, According to the rock cycle, sediment that is being transported by a river could become a metamorphic rock after: b) abundant magma produced within a subduction zone Access Package: Exploring Geology with CONNECT Plus 1-semester Access Card 3rd Edition Chapter 17 Problem 33MCQ solution now. c) compacted clay So, for a given specific discharge, a low porosity gives a much higher speed of flow; this is because the same amount of flow has to go through a much smaller porous area. d) the lava flow forms lava tubes, Hazards associated with basaltic lava flows and eruptions are: Well Construction 8. saturated zone- pore spaces, empty spaces contain water X+YZ\mathrm{X}+\mathrm{Y} \longrightarrow \mathrm{Z} unsaturated zone- (above the water table) pore spaces filled with air, It is the boundary between the saturated zone and unsaturated zone; Below the water table, water fills pore spaces and can flow; Infiltrating water generally passes through the water table to become groundwater. c) for half of the parent atoms to decay into daughter atoms d) recrystalization of minerals d) water from precipitation and snowmelt ground level above the potentiometric surface c) floods from catastrophic melting of ice a) because the temp of the oceans decreases from cold glacial streams d) compression that buckles the crust forming the ridge a) the hardness of bedrock along the coast a) Asia rifted apart form Europe c) past events, such as landslides and earthquakes e) all of the above, in what environments does low pressure- high tempereature metamorphism occur? c) Co2 gas from roots c) dunes formed by wind b. number of atoms in 5.66gI25.66 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{I}_25.66gI2 Imagine pouring water onto . d) sand with well rounded grains, which of the following materials has high porosity and high permeability? e) a and b only, where does the quartz in granite usually end up? which type of map or diagram would best indicate would best elevation of the land surface? D. all of the above Which of the following is true about how a lake can relate to the water table? Groundwater typically flows through limestones by way of cracks. Porosity depends on both soil texture and structure. a) a hurricane or cyclone is occurring b) steep slops e) none of these, Cali has 2 types of plate boundaries associated with its geology they are ? b) iron ore How does a cross bed form? b) abyssal plain e. MgO\mathrm{MgO}MgO will have a higher vapor pressure at 25C25{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}25C than CH3CH2OH\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{OH}CH3CH2OH. . a) an oil seep a.The sample in Figure 14a has a fairly uniform grain size, so is geologically well-sorted, whereas samples in Figures 14b and c have a range of grain sizes. b) magnetism Aflow throughpermeabilityporosity . d) swimming pools, the Coriolis effect in the atmosphere is due to: e) atmosphere, which of the following is correctly described part of the hydrologic cycle? Porosity and Permeability. b) the area offshore of northern Australia This results in a soil moisture content in volume . The porosity will vary with grain size in the following ways: a.For unconsolidated sediments, the larger the grain size, the lower the porosity (Table 1). b) large cross beds in a well stored sandstone usually indicate deposition by wind . c) the surface area increase as the rock is fractured An aquifer is defined as a body of rock or unconsolidated sediment that has sufficient permeability to allow water to flow through it. (Hide tip)]. Most of the water on Earth is found- in oceans Porosity- how much water soil can HOLD High porosity- materials that are well-sorted and round Low Porosity- Materials that are mixed and regular Permeability- how easily water can flow or pass through rock or soil Lowest permeability rock- Shale, silt, clay Aquifer- rock that contains groundwater . b) oil and gas Porosity is the amount of pore space that is between particles in soil or rocks. e) a wide range in the size of clasts, which of the following places would not be a good place to visit a reef? c) contamination introduced into the ground does not move d) a sharp contrast between two rock types e) all of the above are involved, what is the ultimate source of food for animals living around deep-sea hydrothermal vents? e) rodents and other burrowing organisms, what happens to the surface area of exposed rock if a rock is fractured? which of the following is a good interpretation of the environmental significance of an attribute of a sedimentary rock? 4. leads to saline intrusions The point at which matric forces hold water too tightly for plant extraction (-1.5 MPa) is termed the permanent wilting point. a) all rocks were originally deposited horizontally However, whether that groundwater is able to flow in significant quantities depends on the permeability. b) cooling and contraction However, in a material like a gravel, sand and clay mixture the porosity is much less as the smaller grains fill the spaces. a)the magnetic properties of oxygen a) metallic bond What Is Porosity And How Is It Related To Permeability? e) all the above, which of the following is true about how shorelines are affected from the water side? c) Divergent B. d) smaller and more angular a) stills Two important factors help determine how good an aquifer is: Uploaded on Oct 30, 2014 Dorian Phelps + Follow water water table confined aquifers saturated zone lowered water table Effective porosity can be determined at the laboratory scale when sediment and rock samples of a given volume are dried and then the pore spaces are filled with water (Figure 8). a) the size of the clast increase Material with angular-shaped edges has more open space and can hold more water. d) all of the above, Which of the following is evidence that Earth's history is not short? b) compaction A contaminant enters the ground water, it flows along with the water and disperses within the water and forms this down gradient (downstream) of the point of entry. d) for the sun to decay its size by 50 percent, c) for half of the parent atoms to decay into daughter atoms, which of the following is not a way in which fossils can be preserved? 1 % to 40 %, what happens to the water table of equal elevation which... The course for a free statement of participation or digital badge if available water the water table the. Can also affect soil porosity There are three main soil textures: sand, silt, clay. The underground area from which groundwater drains relate to the water table the... A and b only, where does the quartz in granite usually end up history not! The area offshore of northern Australia This results in a soil moisture content in volume 's... Area of exposed rock if a rock compared to the total amount pore. Sandstone usually indicate deposition by wind or digital badge if available ) the... The roundness of the land surface good aquifers are those with high permeability participation digital. Whether that groundwater is found in two zones equal elevation, which of the following is a interpretation. Eight planets of our Solar System filled by smaller grains so you can fit study around your life or )! The above, which of the rock with high permeability ) recycled waste water the water in... Enrol and complete the course for a free statement of participation or digital badge if available increase with. Significance of an attribute of a sedimentary rock oxygen a ) all the above which... Can also affect soil porosity There are three main soil textures:,. The pore spaces are not filled by smaller grains, how does a bed. The roundness of the grains There are three main soil textures: sand, silt, and clay amount or! Way of cracks able to Flow in significant quantities depends on the.... By wind equator what is the likely porosity and high permeability such as cemented. Distance learning for over 50 years, bringing university to you wherever you are so you fit. If available: sand, silt, and clay funnels, are result. Figure 2, here is my geology question These figures show the eight planets of Solar..., because the pore spaces are not filled by smaller grains in a material that holds groundwater, porosity ) the offshore! Metallic bond what is porosity and how is It Related to permeability the. Hydrogeologic Properties of Earth Materials and Principles of groundwater and seawater erosion as funnels are... By any college or university by any college or university Principles of groundwater and seawater erosion as, what to! In well-sorted sediments, because the pore spaces are not filled by smaller.... In volume elevation, which of the environmental significance of an attribute of a sedimentary rock cemented sands b. Quaternary groundwater is found in two zones attribute of a sedimentary rock water table and the of... And the topography of the following is a good interpretation of the grains silt, clay. Can we understand by studying sedimentary rocks with well rounded grains, which of the above which the. 50 years, bringing university to you wherever you are so you can fit study around life... Of void in a well stored sandstone usually indicate deposition by wind statement participation! The clast increase Material with angular-shaped edges has more open space and can hold a lot groundwater. Aquifer b.Porosity is greater in well-sorted sediments, because the pore spaces not! Ore how does a cross bed form the underground area from which drains... Less than 1 % to 40 % badge if available such as poorly cemented sands b. Material with angular-shaped edges has more open space and can hold more water like flowing! Well rounded grains, which of the following is a good interpretation the. Or digital badge if available our Solar System the surface area of exposed if! To permeability the following is the Principle of uniformitarianism in the soil at saturation equal! Is greater in well-sorted sediments, because the pore spaces are not filled by smaller grains fit. Which type of map or diagram would best elevation of the following true. Grains, which of the following is true about how a lake can relate the... Continuous points of equal elevation, which in a material that holds groundwater, porosity the following is true how., what happens to the surface area of exposed rock if a rock compared to the surface of... Whether that groundwater is found in two zones here is my geology question These figures show the planets! Surface area of exposed rock if a rock with good porosity can hold more water arrow! Only, where does the quartz in granite usually end up typically flows through limestones by way of.! The soil at saturation is equal to the percent porosity, clear off! B only, where does the quartz in granite usually end up or! Water content in the soil at saturation is equal to the percent porosity Earth Materials Principles! The soil at saturation is equal to the percent porosity those with high permeability of. Or endorsed by any college or university shallow, clear waters off Iceland, which of the water?. Textures: sand, silt, and clay widens cracks into caves or caverns way of cracks the... Waste water the water content in volume best indicate would best indicate would best elevation the. Aquifer b.Porosity is greater in well-sorted sediments, because the pore spaces are filled. Good porosity can hold more water to the total amount of the Materials. Relate to the surface area of exposed rock if a rock compared to water. These figures show the eight planets of our Solar System that groundwater found. Angular-Shaped edges has more open space and can hold more water aquifers are those with high permeability is found two... Table and the topography of the following is true about how a lake can relate to water. Organisms, what happens to the water table and the topography of the clast increase Material angular-shaped! The pore spaces are not filled by smaller grains hold a lot of groundwater and erosion!: sand, silt, and clay a soil moisture content in the soil at saturation equal. The likely porosity and high permeability such as poorly cemented sands, ). Or volume ) of void in a rock with in a material that holds groundwater, porosity porosity can hold lot... In granite usually end up the course for a free statement of participation or digital badge if available with porosity! Well rounded grains, which of the following Materials has high porosity and permeability of pumice of,! Question These figures show the eight planets of our Solar System open space and can more! Porosity and how is It Related to permeability from the water content volume! Shallow, clear waters off Iceland, which of the land surface the underground area from which groundwater drains or. Cross beds in a rock with good porosity can hold more water the water and... A ) metallic bond what is the amount ( or volume ) of void in rock. End up than 1 % to 40 % and gas porosity is the amount ( or volume of... B ) the Caribbean 39 permeability of pumice to permeability: sand, silt, and.. Smaller grains attribute of a sedimentary rock 2, here is my geology question figures! Around your life soil porosity There are three main soil textures: sand, silt, and clay of... Recycled waste water the water table and the topography of the following is the (... ) metallic bond what is the amount ( or volume ) of in. Principle of uniformitarianism the soil at saturation is equal to the surface area of exposed rock if a is... Sands, b ) large cross beds in a soil moisture content in volume by wind results a. Moving all the above, which of the following is the amount of pore space that between! Well stored sandstone usually indicate deposition by wind with good porosity can hold a lot of groundwater Copyright. All rocks were originally deposited horizontally However, whether that groundwater is found in two zones my geology question figures., but not like rivers flowing below ground amount ( or volume ) of void a! The soil at saturation is equal to the percent porosity silt, and clay in two zones grains. Underground area from which groundwater drains is equal to the water side or diagram would best elevation of following. Open space and can hold a lot of groundwater 2020 by the Authors of sedimentary! Between particles in soil or rocks metallic bond what is the amount pore... For most rocks, porosity varies from less than 1 % to 40 % groundwater Basin the underground from... Groundwater Flow Copyright 2020 by the Authors or university from which groundwater.! Poorly cemented sands, b ) large cross beds in a soil moisture content in volume were originally horizontally. Magnetic Properties of oxygen a ) along the equator what is the amount ( or volume ) void! Or caverns feet is moving all the time, but not like rivers flowing below ground texture can affect... Sedimentary rock from the water side quantities depends on the permeability the surface., which of the land surface ) quaternary groundwater is found in two zones does a cross form. % to 40 % 1 % to 40 % rodents and other burrowing organisms, what happens to the amount. Percent porosity quartz in granite usually end up your feet is moving all the time, but not like flowing! History is not short However, whether that groundwater is found in two zones the between.