Associated Press 2008 Rabid Mountain Lion Shot North of Phoenix After Attacking Boy. (2012). Annual average mountain lion hunter harvest by units in Arizona, USA, 2004-2018, and units where mountain lion telemetry data were collected, 2003-2017. AZGFDs hunting regulations booklet states that mountain lion season runs from July 1 to June 30. Make Your Voice Heard! Their color is a light, tawny The speed and power of the mountain lion is evident as it takes the javelina . Mountain lions are also called cougars, pumas, or panthers. Arizona. Journal of the National Medical Association, 32(1), 38. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, USA, 95-101. Anyone bitten by a mountain lion must immediately seek medical attention for rabies shots unless the biting animal can be captured and tested for rabies. . Hunt Arizona 2012 Edition. You can check the statutes directly at a state-managed website: http://www.azleg.gov/ArizonaRevisedStatutes.asp These statutes are searchable. Google Maps is a web mapping service developed by Google. AZDFG. There have been 25 known mountain lion attacks on humans in Colorado since 1990 with three fatalities and 22 resulting in injury. Meadow, B. Kittens are heavily spotted. Activity Patterns , Movements , and Diet of Mountain Lions in an Urbanized Environment, (September). TUCSON, Ariz. (KOLD News 13) - Authorities are urging southeast Arizona residents to be on the lookout after two mountains were reportedly spotted on Wednesday, March 9. Kentucky. Wakeling, B. F., Day, R. L., Munig, A. Western North American Naturalist, 69(3), 343350. In Arizona, an estimated 2,000 to 2,700 mountain lions roam but only very rarely are seen by humans. Because of inadequate GPS data for animals <1 year old, we obtained survival estimates for this age class by reviewing previously completed research projects. Stoner, David C.; Sexton, Joseph O.; Choate, David M.;Nagol, Jyothy; Bernales, Heather H.; Sims, Steven A.; Ironside, Kirsten E.; Longshore, Kathleen M.; Edwards, Thomas C. 2018. mi or 76,404 km2). Daily Courier Dodde 2007 Wildlife Protocol. In 2020, Google Maps was used by . Owners of domestic animals do not appear to be required to take any specified steps to protect their pets or livestock. A mountain lion runs across a road in a Half Moon Bay neighborhood. News 12 AM. The lion is shy and elusive, yet we know there are healthy populations of these desert phantoms because we find their tracks, scats and the remains . The AZGFD is a stand-alone department within the executive branch of the Arizona state government. Arizona Sun Cole 2005 No Lion, Students Learn About Living with Cougars. The mountain lionalso known as the cougar, puma, panther, or catamountis a large cat species native to the Americas. Q. Brown, D. (1984). It's not a coincidence that most of the majority of our mountain lion sighting calls comefrom the area of Sabino Canyon Recreation Area, which has maybe 2 million visitors a year.". Wildlife Society Bulletin37.3: 680-688. First, female mountain lions will now be considered adults if they are either over three years old OR if they show evidence of nursing. Avoid feeding wildlife. It is important to keep wildlife wild and remove whatever is attracting mountain lions. At that time, wildlife biologist D. J. Schubert conducted an in-depth analysis of AZGFDs management policies and mortality data and concluded that their mountain lion population estimates were suspect because: Some of these concerns have been addressed recently. "If you're spending time in the backcountry, you've likely had a puma encounter, you've just never known about it because that cat steered clear of you," said Neils, who studies the cats in southern Arizona. info@mountainlion.org. During this 4-year period 48 percent (541) of the total trophy hunting mortalities were female mountain lions. Mattson 2002 The Importance of Walnut Canyon National Monument as Habitat for Cougars (Puma Concolor) in an Urban Interface Environment. Continue spraying until the mountain lion leaves or changes direction. Eastern Cougar Sightings Mountain Lions in New York. AZDFG (2006). Since a mountain lion usually tries to bite the head or neck, try to remain standing and face the animal. Decisionresearch, 92101(619). These contests were finally banned on September 4th, 2019. Get out of the area as quickly as possible, without running. The AZGFD may request that the livestock operator provide them with reasonable evidence that the livestock was attacked by a mountain lion. They live their lives avoiding most negative encounter with anything, whether that's other cats, predators, or humans, says Neils. Mountain lions can be found throughout Arizona, and data suggests the populations are not only stable, but growing. Mountain lions have been dispersing away from these population areas, and researchers recently mapped all confirmed mountain lion observations from 1990-2008 (LaRue et al. The Garnet Range mountain lion study: characteristics of a hunted population in west-central Montana. Additionally, the states population estimation method does not account for habitat suitability. Nearby, common wildlife includes deer, elk, bear, antelope, mountain lion, and turkey. 1. Aim at the cougar's face and keep in mind the direction of the wind. 2013-14 Arizona Hunting Regulations, (800). (2009). Probably no other animal evokes the majesty and awe of wild North America as much as does the mountain lion. Arizona's wildlife agency said Wednesday that it killed three mountain lions who had fed on human remains found on a canyon trail. An analysis of these GMUs from 1997 to 2001 shows a higher proportion of depredation related lion mortalities than experienced elsewhere in the state. The oldest tooth-aged mountain lion tagged in 2021 was 10. About 370 mountain lion sightings have been reported to the California Department of Fish and Wildlife and San Luis Obispo County law enforcement agencies beginning in 2018. Associated Press Billeaud 2007 Arizona Biologist Likely Died of Plague. Extending the season closure until December 1st would reduce the orphaning of kittens by up to 90%, improving the viability of Arizonas mountain lion population. Like most predators, mountain lions will avoid an unnecessaryfight, especially if they know it's one they'll lose. . The state of Arizona encompasses 113,635 square miles (294,313 km2) of land. Transient males have been sighted as far east as New York! Write a letter to the editor or press release for your local paper about mountain lion hunting and associated issues for native carnivores (reach out if you need assistance); Talk with your friends and family and encourage them to get involved. In 1990, the states depredation policy changed to require that there be an actual loss of livestock prior to lethal removal of mountain lions. (2013). For more on Kansas mountain lion sightings, check this page. Additionally, an unknown amount of mountain lion habitat falls under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service (4,200 sq mi. Living with Mountain Lions brochure Service, W., National, K., Refuge, W., & Game, A. The wildlife is going to be more active in fair weatherbecause when it's hot, they're hunkered down like we are. While out in mountain lion country (which is, frankly, most of Arizona), keep these tips in mind. During the 51 years Arizonas mountain lion bounty was in effect, 7,723 mountain lions were killed and turned in to the government for the bounty. Mountain lions are native to Texas and historically inhabited the Trans Pecos, the Hill Country, and other suitable places throughout the state. It is a massively powerful animal, yet lithe, graceful, beautiful, and mysterious. Appear larger by raising your arms or opening your jacket if you are wearing one. 2010; Elbroch et al. Habituation to humans through close contact, exposure, and increased development near wildlife habitat. Once you've made yourself threatening andprovided room for the cat to leave the area, the best course of action is to back away slowly while keeping your eyes on the animal. Arizona Game and Fish Department (AZGFD) updates the Hunt Guidelines every five years. Cougars are thriving in the state, and healthy breeding populations are numerous. According to Hart, Carmen and Jack VanDyke 's outdoor camera captured footage of the . Poaching lawin the State of Arizona provides some protection of mountain lions in law, but only as a deterrent. So if you see one in a tree, it's probably just scaredor resting. Three mountain lions were put down overnight by Arizona Game and Fish Department officials after it was confirmed that the lions . Experts like Young have spent years studying big cats and only rarely come across them. The main portion of Arizonas best mountain lion habitat is distributed in a wide diagonal band stretching diagonally across the state. Collection. (2013). A trail camera captured one near Tucson last weekend. Rescued and nursed back to health by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, but unsuitable . Age and sex composition of harvest and timing of birth frequency for Arizona mountain lions. moving through a residential area near Gates Pass. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators . CNN Dorin 2008 Boarder-Fence Dispute Snares Rare Jaguars. In Arizonas 2018-2023 hunt guidelines, the agency began using a female sub-quota. California: 4,000 - 6,000. The state classed mountain lions as endangered in 1972 and banned all hunting of them. Beausoleil, R. A., Koehler, G. M., Maletzke, B. T., Kertson, B. N., & Wielgus, R. B. Adult females can be 7 feet long and weigh between . The plan categorizes conflicts assighting, encounter, incident,orattack based on acceptable or unacceptable behaviors by mountain lions. Arizona Republic Leung 2008 Rabid Mountain Lion Attacks El Mirage Boy. Open in Map. Elbroch and Neils say the likelihood of being attacked is even lower. P.O. Two were confirmed in Logan County (2014 and 2015), and one . The legislature meets annually with the session beginning on the second Monday of January and normally running until late June. What are they doing?". BELMONT COUNTY, Ohio (WTRF) Pictures posted on Facebook recently showed mountain lions and claimed the pictures were taken in Belmont County. Ruyle, G., Smith, L., & Ogden, P. (1996). If you see any wild animal with symptoms of rabies, call 911 or your local Arizona Game and Fish office immediately. Arizona Daily Star Nienstedt 2007 Fish and Wildife Service Mustnt Allow Hunting of Mountain Lions. What they're least likely to do is pounce. They set up a watering area with cameras to monitor the activity of the lions. The species isclassified as a game mammal, along with deer, elk, bear, pronghorn antelope, bighorn sheep, bison, peccary, tree squirrels, and cottontail rabbits. In 2003, Arizona Game and Fish Department (AZGFD) estimated that there were approximately 1,000 to 2,500 mountain lions on their lands. Arizona Daily Star 2004 Commission Agrees to Moratorium on Lion Shootings. (2006). Tucson , Arizona Sponsored by Arizona Game and Fish Department Executive Summary Organization of the Report The Workshop Funding Ideas Appendix A Overall Results Appendix B Public Comment: Individual Responses Appendix C Public Comment: Organizati, 122. In the wee hours of the Monday before Christmas, the security camera outside Jack Welch's house north of Oro Valleyrecorded a mountain lion crossing the yard. Remove the safety tag. A paper published by April Howard, the departments Predator, Furbearer and Large Carnivore Biologist, describes AZGFDs revised mountain lion population estimation process. Make eye contact. They can be territorial and relocation can lead to injuries to both the cat being relocated and any cats that currently reside in the area where the relocation takes place. Mountain lions can be found throughout Arizona and are most common in rocky or mountainous terrain. Open your jacket, raise your arms, wave sticks or walking poles, anything that's going to add to yoursize. Members of both chambers serve 2-year terms and are limited to four consecutive terms. Slot canyons. This is key in avoiding conflict because you never want the animal to feel cornered, which could lead to altercations. Vertebrate diversity benefiting from carrion provided by pumas and other subordinate, apex felids. A mountain lion caught on trail cam early Sat. You could see them when you're out hiking in the winter months. AZGFD insists their opinion of an increasing lion population justifies the need to increase overall mortality levels by whatever means. AZ International Auto Show & New Car Buyer's Guide 2020 Model Year, As more wildlife species vanish worldwide, here are 6 in Arizona that face extinction, Volunteers go looking for the beavers on Arizona's San Pedro River, Your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy. During special sessions, the legislature may only pass laws related to the subject for which the governor has called the session. Wildlife Society Bulletin,42(3), 438-443. The department will note sightings, but they don't always send a staff person out. Yuma Sun Gilber 2008 Public Comment Period for Kofa Mountain Lion Plan Extended. While this is important to prevent problems with inbreeding and localized extinction associated with habitat fragmentation, it may bring mountain lions into closer contact with humans and domesticated animals. The possession of a live mountain lion is illegal without Department approval and permit. "Mountain Lions are much bigger. Recently there was a notice at White Tanks Park to watch for mountain lions. 102 pp. spent in preservation of threatened habitats, regulations governing recreational hunting of mountain lions, https://www.azgfd.com/Hunting/Guidelines/, https://www.azgfd.com/agency/commission/meetingagenda/. This is especially true for children. Security video shows a mountain lion that entered an industrial park and then a building in Irvine, CA, on Tuesday, March 22, 2022. This coupled with trophy hunting kills raised the annual average mountain lion mortality numbers to levels not seen elsewhere within the state. A mountain lion is caught on security camera footage walking through a driveway in front of a home in the Los Pinos development on the edge of Capital Canyon Golf Club on Sunday, Jan. 12, 2020. Slides Arizona Hunt Guidelines Action Call, Video Recording Arizona Hunt Guidelines Action Call. Environment News Service 2003 Animal Rights Groups Sue to Protect Mountain Lions. The Third Mountain Lion Workshop. Over the course of Arizona's 51-year bounty program, the state paid out a sum of $386,150 to hunters who brought in dead mountain lions. Cougars (Puma concolor) are a large cat that goes by many names: panther, catamount, puma, and mountain lion, just to name a few of their over forty common English names.They were once a common predator in Pennsylvania until a combination of range-wide habitat loss, prey loss (mainly white-tailed deer and elk), and predator eradication programs in the 1800s drove them to extinction in the . The eleven western state average is 0.65. Mountain lions are classified as big game. AZDFG. The couple, from Cottonwood, Arizona, told Fox 10 Phoenix that Karley was dragged away by the mountain lion after her lead broke, leaving them unattached and unable to help their pet. Mountain lion depredation harvests in Arizona, 19762005, 303314. The map below only lists confirmed sightings, ranging from 170 - 454. (2012). Hover over the columns . Yuma Sun Gilbert 2008 Officials Announce Killing of Mountain Lion. AZDFG. For more information on where the meeting will be located and how to testify visit: https://www.azgfd.com/agency/commission/meetingagenda/, To find your regional AZGFD office visit: https://www.azgfd.com/agency/offices/. Hunt Arizona 2014 Edition. People can momentarily entice a cats natural curiosity andits in these scenarios that it's helpful to know how to react to deescalate an encounter. projections of suitable mountain lion habitat are not based on defensible biological information; projections are subjectively determined by regional personnel; projections can be (and reportedly have been) altered to increase population estimates; projections assume that mountain lion habitat is saturated to its highest biological level; and. Arizona Republic 2008 New Cubs Eli, Brady, on Prowl at Phoenix Zoo. Click on the tabs below to learn more about mountain lion policy, laws, alerts, and more! Hunting Mountain Lions in Arizona, Understanding Mountain Lion Management in Arizona, Tan or reddish brown; young have numerous black spots that mostly disappear with age, Long tail that is about 2/3 of body length, white underneath with a dark brown or black tip, 75-150 pounds (males usually larger than females), 25-32 inches tall at the shoulder (similar to a German shepherd dog), 5 to more than 8 feet long including tail, Average litter of three kittens, which are yellowish-brown with black spots, Kittens stay with mother for approximately 11-18 months, Can jump 20 feet vertically and 40 feet horizontally in a single leap, Rarely make vocal noises, unless during breeding season or when threatened, Territory sizes range from 10 to 150 square miles; males range more widely than females, Diet is primarily deer, but also includes javelina, bighorn sheep, elk, small mammals, and occasional depredation on livestock and pets. Casey et al 2002 REPORT Activity Patterns, Movements, and Diet of Mountain Lions in an Urbanized Environment. at least 1 mountain lion hanging out near a relatively fresh, mostly eaten deer carcass, 7:36am. Hunting of mountain lions is allowed in the State of Arizona. A Mountain Lion Action Plan was developed in 2004 to address the issue of human/lion conflicts and provide response guidance for AZGFD field personnel. The risk of attack by a mountain lion is small, but real; children are most at risk. Mountain Lion Species Information The nearest known populations of mountain lions are in Wyoming, Colorado, North . According to them, to offset this reduction, the agency was beginning to offer lion tags in multiple hunt license combo packages to interest the incidental deer or elk hunter that accidently came across a lion. Protect small children so they wont panic and run. This fact is reflected in a 2009 AZGFD report which noted that the sale of mountain lion hunting tags had annually increased from about 3,000 in 1990 to nearly 11,000 by 2007.. Young has spent the bulk of her career looking into ways to reduce wildlife-human conflict. If you already know in which district you live, you can contact your legislator by using the House of Representativesmembership rosterand the Senatesmembership roster. The eleven western state average is 0.65. Dispatcher is available for your call 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Northeast Region CPW Office (Denver): (303) 291-7227. Mountain lions are at risk of getting a variety of diseases, including those common to house cats, but little is known about their rates of illness. Extinction declarations: As more wildlife species vanish worldwide, here are 6 in Arizona that face extinction. provided the following photos. Report a suspected mountain lion to Kentucky Fish and Wildlife by calling the department's Information Center during weekday working hours at 1-800-858-1549 or by emailing info.center@ky.gov; Life History: But in most cases, it's just back away slowly.". According to this policy, the Department can increase the number of lions killed by hunters or trappers, or authorize department personnel and other individuals to kill mountain lions to achieve these policy ends. In 2017 two confirmed mountain lions were females. Update: AZGFD included two important improvements for female mountain lion management in their final Hunt Guidelines, which were both approved. KVOA Tuscon News4 2008 Mountain Lions Spotted in Tuscon. TheArizona Game and Fish Department (AZGFD)enforces the states wildlife laws and the Game and Fish Commissions regulations. Social media posts are checked out. The canyons can quickly become death traps after annual snowmelt and summer monsoon storms. Their bodies are mainly covered in tawny-beige fur, except for the whitish-gray belly and chest. What is the difference between a mountain lion and a bobcat? Additionally, the total percent of female lions killed, including under three years old, made up 46% of the total mountain lion harvest during 2016- 2020. Notify the Arizona Game and Fish Department and your local health department immediately if any physical contact with a mountain lion occurs. According to DNA sampling, the cat made its way . The 2020 wildfires that ravaged California also affected mountain lion populations, killing an estimated 300 to 600 of them. And it can be the tiniest exit and they'll squeeze through it. Their primary coat color in "tawny", but can have reddish tones and light patches on its underbody. Department responses are guided by the action plan for each category. Robinson, H. S. and DeSimone, R. M. 2011. or 10,877 km2), or is located on tribal lands (29,500 sq. Always walk pets on a leash. Some cities ban the use of slingshots, BB guns, air guns, or bows. As of 2014, the latest report appears to be the 2009 Mountain Lion and Bear Conservation Strategies Report. Novel primers for complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequencing in mammals. Verified Mountain Lion-Human Attacks. 1 Last 365 Days. Mountain lions are a critical species in Arizona. The AZ Game and Fish Dept. The Arizona Game and Fish Department reviews, revises, and reports on mountain lion conservation strategies when the Game and Fish Commission directs it to do so. State law prohibits discharging a firearm, bow/arrow, or crossbow within a quarter-mile of an occupied farmhouse or other residence, cabin, lodge, or building while taking wildlife without permission of the owner or resident. History of Mountain Lion Management, (Table 3), 78. Without the public (trophy hunters) to help AZGFD meet their management objective of killing off between 250 to 300 hundred lion each year, the representative indicated that there would need to be more administrative removal programs and eventually the Department may be forced to return to the dark ages and employ the publics help to balance wildlife populations implying a bounty program that would pay residents for their assistance in slaughtering mountain lions. Help Sierra Club Protect Wilderness in Grand Canyon National Park. High Country News Davis 2004 Cougar Hunt Creates Uproar. Depredation law in Arizonais monitored by theArizona Game and Fish Department. All maps and photos are part of the public domain (no need to request permission prior to using, though attribution to "National Park Service" is appreciated). "People have done the math to show that you're more likely to die from eating peanut butter than you are from a mountain lion," says Elbroch. Library, 15(5), 113. Winslow, R. E. M., Phoenix, K. R. D., Pat, E., Flagstaff, M., Yuma, J. R. A., & Tucson, J. W. H. (2014). In other words, cats are ambush predators and if they know you've seen them, they're likely already deterred from any potential chase, unless it's a mother with kittens near. The Arizona Hunt Guidelines, approved April 1, 2022, established all aspects of mountain lion hunting management for the next five years including the length and timing of hunting seasons and the total number and gender of mountain lions that can be killed. In April 1997, experienced tracker John McCarter found scat near a beaver carcass at the Quabbin Reservation. Lions typically attack from the ground, in a crouching position, almost as if they're loading up springs in their legs. MassWildlife cannot investigate or confirm mountain lion reports without any evidence. The Arizona Game and Fish Commission is a five-member board appointed by the governor. Arizona Daily Star Dalenberg 2008 Mountain Lion Killed After Menacing Hiker. In a Facebook post, the Madison County and Warren . Mountain lions that are looking for new breeding areas are known as "transient" and are almost always males. Casey, A. L., Krausman, P. R., Shaw, W. W., & Brosseau, M. (2002). Generally, treatment of wildlife in the State of Arizona is governed by theArizona Revised Statutes the states collection of its laws, updated at the end of each legislative cycle. Avoid using rodent poisons, which may poison mountain lions, as well as other animals. "I seen my . Puma & Bobcat Sightings Map . Elbroch, L. M., OMalley, C., Peziol, M., & Quigley, H. B. Omalley, C., Elbroch, L. M., Kusler, A., Peziol, M., & Quigley, H. (2018). Eastern cougars (mountain lions) do not have a native, self sustaining population in New York State. Report all mountain lion attacks to 911. Volunteers go looking for the beavers on Arizona's San Pedro River. If you're visiting a national park, the park service often has similar guidance on what to keep an eye out for. Mc Kinney, T., Wakeling, B. F., & Dell, J. C. O. Models of regional habitat quality and connectivity for pumas (Puma concolor) in the Southwestern United States. This level of hunting exceeds the average annual harvest of 244 lions/year which occurred during Arizonas bounty hunting period. High Country News Minard 2002 Cat Trouble Dogs Flagstaff. 2017). Additionally, the current hunt guidelines base harvest limits on the higher end of the population range. Arizona's mountain lion population is estimated between 1,300 and 2,700 animals. AZGFD purports this method as being the most cost-effective way to estimate population. Stand and face the mountain lion. TPWD Confirmed Mountain Lions. (2017). "What you definitely do not want to do is make yourself look small and meek, never crouch down or run.". With a robust population of just under 3,000 in the state and the widespread use of personal cameras, sightings, while still rare, are on this rise. It also regulates watercraft and off-highway vehicle use. Food sources found near peoples homes include deer, javelina, rabbits, unsecured domestic animals, or livestock. Biology Letters,6(2), 209-211. The figure above depicts average hunter harvest from 2004-2018. (1940). In North America substantial mountain lion populations occur only in the western United States and Canada, and these ranges have been reduced from presettlement times . Home. Arizona Daily Star Beal 2005 2 Animal Activist convicted of Disrupting Mountain Lion Hunt in Sabino Canyon. Allen Press Society for Range Management Vigilance in Cattle: The Influence of Predation , Social Interactions , and Environmental Factors, Leslie, E. (2001). While they prefer mountainous regions, mountain lions can be found across Arizona, the agency says. But mountain lions are considered extinct in the eastern United States. According to information provided to the Register by the DNR on Wednesday, there have been 33 confirmed or probable mountain lion sightings since 2001, not including this latest sighting. KVOA Tuscon News4 2008 Mountain Lion Warning for Popular Tuscon Trail. Based on a lion-mortality density model developed by the Mountain Lion Foundation, Arizona averages 0.45 mountain lions reported killed by humans for every 100 square miles of habitat. (1892). In the year 2000, Arizona Game and Fish Department (AZGFD) established a wildlife predation management policy. The . During this time period, these GMUs were responsible for 29 percent of human-caused mountain lion mortalities while encompassing only 9 percent of Arizona Game and Fish Departments mountain lion habitat. Between 2016-2020, an average of 33 female mountain lions killed per year were between the ages of 2 and 3. Arizona allows the hunting of mountain lions with centerfire rifles, muzzleloading rifles, all rifles using black powder or synthetic black powder, centerfire handguns, handguns using black powder or synthetic black powder, shotguns using slugs or shot, bows with a standard pull of 30 or more pounds, and crossbows with a minimum draw weight of 125 pounds. A. Sprinklers and commercial motion-activated inflatable scarecrows startle animals when activated. ", Lindsey Botts is an environmental reporter for The Arizona Republic/azcentral. 2 Last 5 Years. and that is exactly what makes these areas dangerous. 916-442-2666
Using MLF's mortality ranking system, Arizona ranks 8th amongst the 11 western states . Beginning in January 2022, hunters cannot use trail cameras to aid in the pursuit of any game species, including mountain lions. If you do stumble into an area where a mountain lion is present, you'll want to make yourself as large as possible. AZGFD Partners in Kofa National Wildlife Refuge Bighorn Sheep Restoration Effort Announce Moratorium on Mountain Lion Control. Mountain lion research is uncovering interesting glimpses into the natural history of these magnificent predators in Arizona. Dickson, B. G., Roemer, G. W., McRae, B. H., & Rundall, J. M. (2013). A valid hunting license is required except in the case of depredation (killing of livestock) (ARS-17-302 and 17-239). Rather than directly protecting animals, Arizonas endangered species law merely creates afundthat is to bespent in preservation of threatened habitats. Show on map . 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