Which includes the present-day countries of Brunei, East Timor, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Singapore. ", "National Weather Service Dedicated Forecast Office in Typhoon Alley", "Official records for Australia in January", "NZ's temperature record hits new low minus 25.6degC", "Rainfall Climatology for Pohnpei Islands, Federated States of Micronesia", "UNDANG-UNDANG REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 21 TAHUN 2001 TENTANG OTONOMI KHUSUS BAGI PROVINSI PAPUA", "Papuan province changes name from West Irian Jaya to West Papua", "3218.0 Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2016", "What's driving population growth in Australia's cities? Hong Kong, partly located in another marginal sea of the Pacific (the South China Sea) was also included in his definition. In 2011, Hawaii saw increasing arrivals and share of foreign tourists from Canada, Australia, and China increasing 13%, 24% and 21% respectively from 2010. The population of Australia in 2022 was 26,177,413, a 0.99% increase from 2021. "[138], In his 1994 book Familia Gekkonidae (Reptilia, Sauria). Along with India most of Australasia lies on the Indo-Australian Plate with the latter occupying the Southern area. The population of Oceania ranges between 2.8 and 3.4 inhabitants per square kilometer. Tourists mostly come from Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. Tuvalu. Less isolated oceanic islands that were once uninhabited, such as the Bonin Islands, the Galpagos Islands and the Juan Fernndez Islands, have since been sparsely populated by citizens of their political administrators. Papua New Guinea and New Zealand represent nine tenths of the total. This is a growth of 150.0 percent in 61 years. [168] Australia, New Zealand and the islands of Melanesia are more commonly grouped together as part of the Australasian biogeographical realm. One surviving ship led by Juan Sebastin Elcano returned west across the Indian Ocean and the other went north in the hope of finding the westerlies and reaching Mexico. For all other years: latest year annual percentage change equivalent assuming homogeneous change in the preceding five year period, calculated through reverse compounding. Oceania, collective name for the islands scattered throughout most of the Pacific Ocean. Some also theorize that Indigenous Australians are related to the Ainu people, who are the original inhabitants of Japan's Hokkaido, the Kuril Islands and the southern part of Sakhalin. The bulk of the population of Oceania practicesProtestantism (42.7%), followed by Catholicism (24.7%) and otherChristian sects(14.8%). Updates? [374], Australia is a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy[375] with Charles III at its apex as the King of Australia, a role that is distinct from his position as monarch of the other Commonwealth realms. Popular Quizzes Today. 1. PLOS One describe Insular Chile as having "cultural and ecological connections to the broader insular Pacific. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian birds, Collingwood, Victoria, Australia. [448][449][450] Additionally, it attracts significant attention across New Zealand and the Pacific Islands. [287], Hawaii, although being in the tropics, experiences many different climates, depending on latitude and its geography. [272] Predominant bird species in the country include the Australian magpie, Australian raven, the pied currawong, crested pigeons and the laughing kookaburra. [411], New Zealand as a culture is a Western culture, which is influenced by the cultural input of the indigenous Mori and the various waves of multi-ethnic migration which followed the British colonisation of New Zealand. [67] The original UN definition of Oceania from 1947 included these same countries and semi-independent territories, which were mostly still colonies at that point. Australia, New Zealand, and other nations took part in the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands between 2003 and 2017 after a request for aid. The current population of Australia in 2023 is 26,439,111, a 1% increase from 2022. [288] A few islands in the northwest, such as Guam, are susceptible to typhoons in the wet season. Coconuts, ginger, and copra are also significant. All summits over 2,900 m are within the Southern Alps, a chain that forms the backbone of the South Island; the highest peak of which is Aoraki / Mount Cook, at 3,754 metres (12,316ft). [64][123][321] There are also Creoles formed from the interaction of Malay or the colonial languages with indigenous languages, such as Tok Pisin, Bislama, Chavacano, various Malay trade and creole languages, Hawaiian Pidgin, Norfuk, and Pitkern. He added that, "besides the proceeding, the Pacific contains many other islands, of which the most important are Hainan and Formosa, on the coast of China, the Japan isles, the Kuriles, the Aleutian Islands (stretching from the New World to the Old), Vancouver Island, the Galpagos, Juan Fernndez and Chilo. Contact between Austronesian and Papuan resulted in several instances in mixed languages such as Maisin. [78] In 1887, the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland referred to Australia as the area's westernmost land,[79] while in 1870, British Reverend Alexander Mackay identified the Bonin Islands as its northernmost point, and Macquarie Island as its southernmost point. Clipperton is not politically associated with the Americas, as is the case with other oceanic islands nearing the Americas, having had almost no interaction with the continent throughout its history. Oceania, in its most restricted meaning, includes more than 10,000 islands, with a total land area (excluding Australia but including Papua New Guinea and New Zealand) of approximately 317,700 square miles (822,800 square km). [340], Australia and New Zealand are the only highly developed independent nations in the region, although the economy of Australia is by far the largest and most dominant economy in the region and one of the largest in the world. [213], On 23 April 1770, British explorer James Cook made his first recorded direct observation of Aboriginal Australians at Brush Island near Bawley Point. Yet the total land area of the islands is very smallonly some 324,000 square miles (840,000 square kilometers). [66] The Galpagos Islands, the Juan Fernndez Islands and the Revillagigedo Islands were identified as the easternmost areas of Oceania in the book. The South Pacific Forum was founded in 1971, which became the Pacific Islands Forum in 2000. [167] Some cultural and political definitions of Australasia include most or all of Melanesia, due to its geographical proximity to Australia and New Zealand, but these are rare. Pirmides Populacionais: Oceania - 2041. [258] The two species of Brighamia B. rockii and B. insignis are represented in the wild by around 120 individual plants. It is one of three massive states that are constantly at war with each other, with the. [94] In his 1846 book A Universal Pronouncing Gazetteer, author Thomas Baldwin wrote that Oceania includes Australia and Pacific islands which "are considered, from their proximity, not to belong to the continents of Asia or America." The current population of Oceania is 44,124,398 as of Friday, February 24, 2023, based on the latest United Nations estimates. One of the most dramatic is the Great Barrier Reef off northeastern Australia with chains of reef patches. [69] Hawaii had not yet become a U.S. state in 1947, and as such was part of the original UN definition of Oceania. From 1527 to 1595 a number of other large Spanish expeditions crossed the Pacific Ocean, leading to the arrival in Marshall Islands and Palau in the North Pacific, as well as Tuvalu, the Marquesas Islands, the Solomon Islands archipelago, the Cook Islands, and the Admiralty Islands in the South Pacific. By 2000 about 12 million islanders lived in Oceania (excluding Australia), and many indigenous cultures were revolutionized by intensive contact with non-Oceanic groups who had intruded from various parts of the Western world. [124] While not oceanic in nature, Taiwan and Malay archipelago countries like Indonesia and the Philippines share Austronesian ethnolinguistic origins with Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia, hence their inclusion in the book. Around 1200, Tahitian explorers discovered and began settling the area. [354][355], New Zealand has a large GDP for its population of 5.2 million, and sources of revenue are spread throughout the large island nation. Brown wrote, "they lie nearest the American continent of all oceanic islands, and though rarely associated with Polynesia, and never appearing to have been inhabited by any aboriginal races, are, in many ways, remarkable and interesting. [42][43][44] In her 1961 book The United States and the Southwest Pacific, American author Clinton Hartley Grattan commented that, "the use of the word Oceania to cover Australia, New Zealand, and the [Pacific] islands now has a slightly old-fashioned flavor. 7 30 N, 134 30 E. Map references. In all of Oceania, only the former British colonies of Australia and New Zealand have Westerndemocratic governments, although Samoa, Vanuatu, and Tonga also exhibit stable republics. [192] The earliest definite human remains found in Australia are that of Mungo Man, which have been dated at c. 40,000 years old. [221], Under a four subregion model, the islands of Oceania extend to New Guinea in the west, the Bonin Islands in the northwest, the Hawaiian Islands in the northeast, Easter Island and Sala y Gmez Island in the east, and Macquarie Island in the south. [226], Australia and New Zealand became dominions in the 20th century, adopting the Statute of Westminster Act in 1942 and 1947 respectively. Germany established colonies in New Guinea in 1884, and Samoa in 1900. [247] Desert or semi-arid land commonly known as the outback makes up by far the largest portion of land. Urban population has increased from 21,936,910 (70.1%) in 2000 to 31,011,800 (70.5%) in the current year. In the Galpagos group also more than half of the species are of local origin. This is a senior leadership position responsible for an integrated approach to population and public health programs and services in the Province of Manitoba. [194], Particularly along the north coast of New Guinea and in the islands north and east of New Guinea, the Austronesian people, who had migrated into the area somewhat more than 3,000 years ago, came into contact with these pre-existing populations of Papuan-speaking peoples. [363] Hawaiian exports include food and clothing. Bullen added that, "Asia, Europe and the Maritime Continent are not literal geographic continents. The Ahmadiyya mosque in Marshall Islands is the only mosque in Micronesia. Australia and New Zealand collectively contain more than 30 million people, which is nearly three quarters of the entire population of Oceania. Census maps is an interactive tool to explore Census 2021 data across England and Wales for different topics down to a neighbourhood level. [405] The first settlers introduced British food to the continent, much of which is now considered typical Australian food, such as the Sunday roast. [433] Hawaiian art includes wood carvings, feather work, petroglyphs, bark cloth (called kapa in Hawaiian and tapa elsewhere in the Pacific), and tattoos. 2.1 million), and Auckland (pop. APT Satellite provides satellite communication and satellite . . Tongan, English. The passerines of Australia, also known as songbirds or perching birds, include wrens, the magpie group, thornbills, corvids, pardalotes, lyrebirds. [316] Another one in Tuvalu belongs to the same sect. [457] These included a 310 defeat of American Samoa by Australia in 2001, which remains the biggest international victory in the history of the sport. The Oceania Population (Live) counter shows a continuously updated estimate of the current population of Oceania delivered by Worldometer's RTS algorithm, which processes data collected from the United Nations Population Division. Tonga. Australasia: Australia: 24 million, Canberra New Zealand: 5 million, Wellington [66] However, Brown did not explicitly associate Japan or Taiwan with the term Oceania. [311] Traditional religions are often animist, and prevalent among traditional tribes is the belief in spirits (masalai in Tok Pisin) representing natural forces. [34] One study from 1884 describes Oceania as a continent, stating that South of the continent of Asia is found a large island nearly as large as the continent of Europe. [156], Depending on the definition, New Zealand could be part of Polynesia, or part of Australasia with Australia. [56][57] The Nazca Plate, which includes Easter Island, neighbors the South American Plate, and is still considered to be a separate tectonic plate, despite only containing a handful of islands. military). Among these are Bougainville, Hawaii, and Solomon Islands. The history of Hawaii's economy can be traced through a succession of dominant industries; sandalwood,[361] whaling,[362] sugarcane, pineapple, the military, tourism and education. [334] Chinese workers on Western trading ships settled in Hawaii starting in 1789. It is calculated as the average number of children an average woman will have during her reproductive period (15 to 49 years old) based on the current fertility rates of every age group in the countries within Oceania, and assuming she is not subject to mortality. The Pacific islands, on the other hand, subsist mostly ontourismand fishing. [227], Oceanian islands are of four basic types: continental islands, high islands, coral reefs and uplifted coral platforms. The book stated, "this definition of Oceania might seem too restrictive: Why not include Australia, for example, or even too broad, for what does Highland New Guinea have to do with Hawai'i? Excluded under most definitions of Oceania are the Pacific landmasses of Taiwan, the Ryukyu Islands, and the Japanese archipelago, which are all on the margins of Asia, as well as the Aleutian Islands and other Alaskan or Canadian islands. The Japanese were turned back at the Battle of the Coral Sea and the Kokoda Track campaign before they were finally defeated in 1945. "[137] In his 2002 book Oceania: An Introduction to the Cultures and Identities of Pacific Islanders, Andrew Strathern excluded Okinawa and the rest of the Ryukyu Islands from his definition of Oceania, but noted that the islands and their indigenous inhabitants "show many parallels with Pacific island societies. ", further noting that, "a few other islands in the Pacific such as those of Japan or the Channel Islands off the southern California coast are not typically considered Oceania as the indigenous populations of these places do not share a common ancestry with Oceanic groups, except for a time far before humans sailed Pacific waters. [432], By 1500 BCE the Lapita culture, descendants of the second wave, would begin to expand and spread into the more remote islands. [270][271], A unique feature of Australia's fauna is the relative scarcity of native placental mammals, and dominance of the marsupials a group of mammals that raise their young in a pouch, including the macropods, possums, and dasyuromorphs. Most of Australia and Oceania is under the Pacific, a vast body of water that is larger than all the Earth's continental landmasses and islands combined. United States Population (LIVE) The Department of Health is currently seeking an Executive Director for the Population and Public Health Branch. The ancestors of the Micronesians settled there over 4,000 years ago. Fishing provides a major industry for many of the smaller nations in the Pacific, although many fishing areas are exploited by other larger countries, namely Japan. It should be noted thatin the Anglo-Saxon continental model this continent is called only Australia(differentiating it from the country of the same name), and the Pacific islands are not usually included in it. [324] Furthermore, 36 percent of the population reported having been born overseas, with top countries being Italy, Lebanon, Vietnam and Iraq, among others. Mailing List - See more. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Oceania-region-Pacific-Ocean, Globalseurity.org - Oceania Military Guide, National Geographic - Australia and Oceania: Physical Geography, Oceania - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Oceania - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). 2,142 live births average per day (89.27 in an hour) or a child in every 40.33 seconds, 837 deaths average per day (34.87 in an hour) or one death in every 103.25 seconds, 598 immigrants average per day (24.92 in an hour) or an immigrant in every 144.46 seconds, 22,164,486 females as of 31 December 2022. The Polynesian people are considered to be by linguistic, archaeological and human genetic ancestry a subset of the sea-migrating Austronesian people and tracing Polynesian languages places their prehistoric origins in the Malay Archipelago, and ultimately, in Taiwan. As with other Polynesian cultures (Hawaiian, Tahitian and Mori) with significant and unique tattoos, Samoans have two gender specific and culturally significant tattoos. There are numerous difficulties with conducting archaeological excavations in the islands, due to their size, settlement patterns and storm damage. [431] Sculpture in Oceania first appears on New Guinea as a series of stone figures found throughout the island, but mostly in mountainous highlands. This continent, the smallest on the planet, is located south of thePacific Ocean, west of theIndian Oceanand southeast ofthe Asian continent. [364] As of 2015[update], Honolulu was ranked high on world livability rankings, and was also ranked as the 2nd safest city in the U.S.[365][366]. ", "Neurologic Diseases in Tropical Oceania", "NZ and Australia: Big Brothers or Distant Cousins? Australia is situated in the middle of the tectonic plate, has occasional middle-sized earthquakes, and currently has no active volcanism (but some volcanoes in southeast Australia erupted within the last 10,000 years). 37 million. Thehighest mountainon the continent is located in New Guinea and isMount Jaya at 4,884 meters above sea level. [67] Papua New Guinea is geographically the closest country to Australia, and is often geologically associated with Australia as it was once physiologically connected. [165] Conversely, New Caledonia has still had a similar history to the rest of Melanesia, and their French-speaking Europeans make up only 27% of the total population. [246], The most diverse country of Oceania when it comes to the environment is Australia, with tropical rainforests in the north-east, mountain ranges in the south-east, south-west and east, and dry desert in the centre. [126] The book defined Oceania's major subregions as being Australia, Indonesia (which included all areas associated with the Malay archipelago), Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Beneath the global level, there are of course big differences between different world regions and countries. Pain, C.F., Villans, B.J., Roach, I.C., Worrall, L. & Wilford, J.R. (2012): Old, flat and red Australia's distinctive landscape. [250][251][252][253][254], Prominent features of the Australian flora are adaptations to aridity and fire which include scleromorphy and serotiny. Some of the most visited countries in Oceania are the following: Australia. [56][57] Despite this, Australia is rarely seen as a part of the subregion. [242], The geology of New Zealand is noted for its volcanic activity, earthquakes, and geothermal areas because of its position on the boundary of the Australian Plate and Pacific Plates. [267], Native to Hawaii is the Hawaiian crow, which has been extinct in the wild since 2002. [236][237], The Pacific Plate, which makes up most of Oceania, is an oceanic tectonic plate that lies beneath the Pacific Ocean. [280] In the tropical western Pacific, the monsoon and the related wet season during the summer months contrast with dry winds in the winter which blow over the ocean from the Asian landmass. [89] Cust considered Oceania's four subregions to be Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. However, the most popular usage excludes not only the Ryukyu, Kuril, and Aleutian islands and the Japanese archipelago but also islands that are historically closely related to the Asian mainland, such as Indonesia, Taiwan, and the Philippines. List of continents by gdp per capita. English, French, Bislama (Bichelama) plus more than 100 local languages. 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